一、进制
二进制,01
八进制,01234567
十进制,0123456789
十六进制,0123456789ABCDEF
二、整数(int)
如: 18、73、84
每一个整数都具备如下功能:
int
classint(object):"""int(x=0) -> integer
int(x, base=10) -> integer
Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
numbers, this truncates towards zero.
If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
4"""
def bit_length(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""int.bit_length() -> int
Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
>>> bin(37)
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6"""
return0def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int."""
pass@classmethod#known case
def from_bytes(cls, bytes, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__
"""int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> int
Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.
The bytes argument must be a bytes-like object (e.g. bytes or bytearray).
The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most
significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native
byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value.
The signed keyword-only argument indicates whether two's complement is
used to represent the integer."""
pass
def to_bytes(self, length, byteorder, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown; NOTE: unreliably restored from __doc__
"""int.to_bytes(length, byteorder, *, signed=False) -> bytes
Return an array of bytes representing an integer.
The integer is represented using length bytes. An OverflowError is
raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of
bytes.
The byteorder argument determines the byte order used to represent the
integer. If byteorder is 'big', the most significant byte is at the
beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is 'little', the most
significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native
byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder' as the byte order value.
The signed keyword-only argument determines whether two's complement is
used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer
is given, an OverflowError is raised."""
pass
def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""abs(self)"""
pass
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self+value."""
pass
def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self&value."""
pass
def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""self != 0"""
pass
def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Ceiling of an Integral returns itself."""
pass
def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return divmod(self, value)."""
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self==value."""
pass
def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""float(self)"""
pass
def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self//value."""
pass
def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Flooring an Integral returns itself."""
pass
def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return getattr(self, name)."""
pass
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>=value."""
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>value."""
pass
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return hash(self)."""
pass
def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list."""
pass
def __init__(self, x, base=10): #known special case of int.__init__
"""int(x=0) -> integer
int(x, base=10) -> integer
Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
numbers, this truncates towards zero.
If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
4
# (copied from class doc)"""
pass
def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""int(self)"""
pass
def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""~self"""
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<=value."""
pass
def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self
pass
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self%value."""
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value."""
pass
def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""-self"""
pass@staticmethod#known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature."""
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self!=value."""
pass
def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self|value."""
pass
def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""+self"""
pass
def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return pow(self, value, mod)."""
pass
def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value+self."""
pass
def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value&self."""
pass
def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return divmod(value, self)."""
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return repr(self)."""
pass
def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value//self."""
pass
def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value<
pass
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value%self."""
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value*self."""
pass
def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value|self."""
pass
def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Rounding an Integral returns itself.
Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer."""
pass
def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return pow(value, self, mod)."""
pass
def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value>>self."""
pass
def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>>value."""
pass
def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value-self."""
pass
def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value/self."""
pass
def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value^self."""
pass
def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Returns size in memory, in bytes"""
pass
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return str(self)."""
pass
def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self-value."""
pass
def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self/value."""
pass
def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Truncating an Integral returns itself."""
pass
def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self^value."""
passdenominator= property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) #default
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""imag= property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) #default
"""the imaginary part of a complex number"""numerator= property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) #default
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""real= property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) #default
"""the real part of a complex number"""
View Code
三、浮点型(float)
如:3.14、2.88
每个浮点型都具备如下功能:
float
classfloat(object):"""float(x) -> floating point number
Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible."""
def as_integer_ratio(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int)
Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original
float and with a positive denominator.
Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs.
>>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio()
(10, 1)
>>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio()
(0, 1)
>>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio()
(-1, 4)"""
pass
def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self, the complex conjugate of any float."""
pass
def fromhex(self, string): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""float.fromhex(string) -> float
Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string.
>>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10')
2047.984375
>>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074')
-5e-324"""
return 0.0
def hex(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""float.hex() -> string
Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number.
>>> (-0.1).hex()
'-0x1.999999999999ap-4'
>>> 3.14159.hex()
'0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'"""
return ""
def is_integer(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return True if the float is an integer."""
pass
def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""abs(self)"""
pass
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self+value."""
pass
def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""self != 0"""
pass
def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return divmod(self, value)."""
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self==value."""
pass
def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""float(self)"""
pass
def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self//value."""
pass
def __format__(self, format_spec): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""float.__format__(format_spec) -> string
Formats the float according to format_spec."""
return ""
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return getattr(self, name)."""
pass
def __getformat__(self, typestr): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string
You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
used in Python's test suite.
typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. This function returns whichever of
'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the
format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr."""
return ""
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>=value."""
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>value."""
pass
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return hash(self)."""
pass
def __init__(self, x): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
pass
def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""int(self)"""
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<=value."""
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self
pass
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self%value."""
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value."""
pass
def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""-self"""
pass@staticmethod#known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature."""
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self!=value."""
pass
def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""+self"""
pass
def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return pow(self, value, mod)."""
pass
def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value+self."""
pass
def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return divmod(value, self)."""
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return repr(self)."""
pass
def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value//self."""
pass
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value%self."""
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value*self."""
pass
def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return the Integral closest to x, rounding half toward even.
When an argument is passed, work like built-in round(x, ndigits)."""
pass
def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return pow(value, self, mod)."""
pass
def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value-self."""
pass
def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value/self."""
pass
def __setformat__(self, typestr, fmt): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None
You probably don't want to use this function. It exists mainly to be
used in Python's test suite.
typestr must be 'double' or 'float'. fmt must be one of 'unknown',
'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be
one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality.
Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type.
This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings."""
pass
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return str(self)."""
pass
def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self-value."""
pass
def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self/value."""
pass
def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x."""
passimag= property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) #default
"""the imaginary part of a complex number"""real= property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) #default
"""the real part of a complex number"""
View Code
一、字符串(string)
python字符串--一个有序的字符的集合,用来存储和表现给予文本的信息。
str
classstr(object):"""str(object='') -> str
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
or repr(object).
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
errors defaults to 'strict'."""
def capitalize(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.capitalize() -> str
Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
have upper case and the rest lower case."""
return ""
def casefold(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.casefold() -> str
Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons."""
return ""
def center(self, width, fillchar=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str
Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)"""
return ""
def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
interpreted as in slice notation."""
return0def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes
Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors."""
return b""
def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try."""
returnFalsedef expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str
Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed."""
return ""
def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure."""
return0def format(self, *args, **kwargs): #known special case of str.format
"""S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}')."""
pass
def format_map(self, mapping): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.format_map(mapping) -> str
Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}')."""
return ""
def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found."""
return0def isalnum(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isalnum() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isalpha(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isalpha() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isdecimal(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isdecimal() -> bool
Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isdigit(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isdigit() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are digits
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isidentifier(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isidentifier() -> bool
Return True if S is a valid identifier according
to the language definition.
Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
such as "def" and "class"."""
returnFalsedef islower(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.islower() -> bool
Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isnumeric(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isnumeric() -> bool
Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isprintable(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isprintable() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are considered
printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isspace(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isspace() -> bool
Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef istitle(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.istitle() -> bool
Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
Return False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef isupper(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.isupper() -> bool
Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
at least one cased character in S, False otherwise."""
returnFalsedef join(self, iterable): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.join(iterable) -> str
Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
iterable. The separator between elements is S."""
return ""
def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)."""
return ""
def lower(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.lower() -> str
Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase."""
return ""
def lstrip(self, chars=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.lstrip([chars]) -> str
Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead."""
return ""
def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result."""
pass
def partition(self, sep): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not
found, return S and two empty strings."""
pass
def replace(self, old, new, count=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is
given, only the first count occurrences are replaced."""
return ""
def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
Return -1 on failure."""
return0def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found."""
return0def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
done using the specified fill character (default is a space)."""
return ""
def rpartition(self, sep): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the
separator is not found, return two empty strings and S."""
pass
def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
is a separator."""
return[]def rstrip(self, chars=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.rstrip([chars]) -> str
Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead."""
return ""
def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
removed from the result."""
return[]def splitlines(self, keepends=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
is given and true."""
return[]def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try."""
returnFalsedef strip(self, chars=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.strip([chars]) -> str
Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead."""
return ""
def swapcase(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.swapcase() -> str
Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
and vice versa."""
return ""
def title(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.title() -> str
Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case."""
return ""
def translate(self, table): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.translate(table) -> str
Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
through the given translation table. The table must implement
lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
Characters mapped to None are deleted."""
return ""
def upper(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.upper() -> str
Return a copy of S converted to uppercase."""
return ""
def zfill(self, width): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.zfill(width) -> str
Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
of the specified width. The string S is never truncated."""
return ""
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self+value."""
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return key in self."""
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self==value."""
pass
def __format__(self, format_spec): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.__format__(format_spec) -> str
Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec."""
return ""
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return getattr(self, name)."""
pass
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self[key]."""
pass
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>=value."""
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>value."""
pass
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return hash(self)."""
pass
def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): #known special case of str.__init__
"""str(object='') -> str
str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
or repr(object).
encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
errors defaults to 'strict'.
# (copied from class doc)"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Implement iter(self)."""
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return len(self)."""
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<=value."""
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self
pass
def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self%value."""
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value.n"""
pass@staticmethod#known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature."""
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self!=value."""
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return repr(self)."""
pass
def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value%self."""
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value."""
pass
def __sizeof__(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes"""
pass
def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return str(self)."""
pass
View Code
字符串表达形式
# 空字符串
s = ''s = ""
# 字符串中包含引号
s = "what’s your name"s = 'my name is "lianglian"'
# 三重引号字符串块
s = """
Infomation of user lianglian:
-------------------
Name: lianglian
Age : 12
Job : IT
---------End-------
"""
# Raw字符串,可以对字符串中得特殊字符转义
s = r"lianglian"
# Unicode字符串
s = u"lianglian"
# 字节字符串
s = b"lianglian"
字符串操作
# 字符串拼接
s1 = "liang"s2 = "lian"
print(s1 + s2)
lianglian
# 万恶得“+”号
print("a" + "b" + "c") # 会开辟三块地址空间 ,这个和上面得方法还是有区别的,上面是将本来存在地址空间得两个数据拼接起来,而这个是在一次print操作中使用"+"拼接字符串会开辟多个新的空间。
abc
# 字符串重复
s1 = "liang"s2 = "lian"
print(s1 * 3)
liangliangliang
# 字符串索引
s = "lianglian"
print(s[0])
s = "lianglian"
print(s[0:3])
l
lia
# 获取字符串长度
s = "lianglian"
print(len(s))
9
# 字符串格式化
s = "my name is:%s"
print(s % "lianglian")
# 字符串format方法格式化字符串
s = "my name is:{name}"
print(s.format(name="liangian"))
my name is:lianglian
my name is:liangian
# 字符串find方法得到字符在字符串中得索引
s = "my name is:{name}"
print(s.find("a"))
4
# 字符串strip方法去除字符串两端得空格
s = " liang lian "
print(s.strip())
liang lian
# 字符串split方法分隔字符串返回list
s = " liang lian "
print(s.split())
['liang', 'lian']
# 字符串join方法来对字符串进行拼接
s = "liang lian"s = s.split() # 分隔字符串
s1 = "|".join(s) # 拼接字符串
print(s1)
liang|lian
# 字符串replace方法达到字符串替换
s = "liang lian"
print(s.replace("liang","lian"))
lian lian
# 字符串center方法来对字符串居中
s = "liang lian"
print(s.center(50, '*')) # 居中并且用"*"填充
********************liang lian********************
# 字符串capitalize方法使字符串第一个字母大写
s = "liang lian"
print(s.capitalize())
Liang lian
# 判断字符串中是否有空格
s = "liang lian"
print("" in s)
True
# 字符串isdigt方法来判断字符串是不是数字
s = "liang lian"
print(s.isdigit())
s1 = "45"
print(s1.isdigit())
False
True
# 字符串startswith方法判断字符串是以什么开头的
s = "liang lian"
print(s.startswith("l"))
True
# 字符串endswith方法判断字符串是以什么结尾的
s = "liang lian"
print(s.endswith("n"))
True
二、元组(tuple)
元组是一个不可更改得有序得序列,支持任意类型得,任意嵌套数据
元组得输写格式:用小括号括起来(1,2,3,"liang")
所有元组可以调用的方法:
tuple
classtuple(object):"""tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object."""
def count(self, value): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value"""
return0def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present."""
return0def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self+value."""
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return key in self."""
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self==value."""
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return getattr(self, name)."""
pass
def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self[key]."""
pass
def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>=value."""
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>value."""
pass
def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return hash(self)."""
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): #known special case of tuple.__init__
"""tuple() -> empty tuple
tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
# (copied from class doc)"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Implement iter(self)."""
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return len(self)."""
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<=value."""
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value.n"""
pass@staticmethod#known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature."""
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self!=value."""
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return repr(self)."""
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value."""
pass
View Code
创建元组
#创建元组
t = (1, 2, 3, "lianglian")print(t)
t1= tuple([1, 2, 3, "lianlgian"]) #tuple将其它序列转换成元组
print(t1)
t2= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (1, 2, 3)) #创建嵌套元组
print(t * 3) #元组复制
t3= t + t2 #元组合并
print(t3)
元组分片[起始位:结束位:步长]
t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (1,2,3))print(t[0]) #[]中输入索引进行分片,索引起始位为0
print(t[3:6]) #显示4~6得元素
print(t[3:]) #显示4到最后
print(t[:6]) #显示从开头到7
print(t[-1]) #显示倒数第一个
print(t[-4:-2]) #显示倒数第4个到倒数第二个,(**范围切片,结束位不包括在内,即"到什么什么之前"**)
print(t[:]) #显示全部
print(t[::2]) #按照步长为2,显示全部,**步长即两个元素之间索引闲差多少执行一次**
print(t[9][0]) #嵌套分片
1
(4, 5, 6)
(4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (1, 2, 3))
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
(1, 2, 3)
(7, 8)
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, (1, 2, 3))
(1, 3, 5, 7, 9)
1
元组操作
#查找元素相对应得索引
t = (1, 2, 3, "lianglian")print(t.index("lianglian"))
3
#查看元素在元组中得数量
t = (1, 2, 3, "lianglian", 3,)print(t.count(3))
2
三、列表(list)
list是Python中最灵活的有序的集合,列表可以包含任何类型得对象:数字、字符串、甚至其它列表。支持在原处修改(可修改的),也可以进行分片操作。
list
classlist(object):"""list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items"""
def append(self, p_object): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.append(object) -> None -- append object to end"""
pass
def clear(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.clear() -> None -- remove all items from L"""
pass
def copy(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.copy() -> list -- a shallow copy of L"""
return[]def count(self, value): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value"""
return0def extend(self, iterable): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.extend(iterable) -> None -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable"""
pass
def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present."""
return0def insert(self, index, p_object): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index"""
pass
def pop(self, index=None): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range."""
pass
def remove(self, value): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.remove(value) -> None -- remove first occurrence of value.
Raises ValueError if the value is not present."""
pass
def reverse(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE*"""
pass
def sort(self, key=None, reverse=False): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.sort(key=None, reverse=False) -> None -- stable sort *IN PLACE*"""
pass
def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self+value."""
pass
def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return key in self."""
pass
def __delitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Delete self[key]."""
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self==value."""
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return getattr(self, name)."""
pass
def __getitem__(self, y): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]"""
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>=value."""
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>value."""
pass
def __iadd__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Implement self+=value."""
pass
def __imul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Implement self*=value."""
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): #known special case of list.__init__
"""list() -> new empty list
list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
# (copied from class doc)"""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Implement iter(self)."""
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return len(self)."""
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<=value."""
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self
pass
def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value.n"""
pass@staticmethod#known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature."""
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self!=value."""
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return repr(self)."""
pass
def __reversed__(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list"""
pass
def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self*value."""
pass
def __setitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Set self[key] to value."""
pass
def __sizeof__(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes"""
pass
__hash__ = None
View Code
创建list
# list书写格式用[]包裹起来,元素与元素之间用","分隔
l = []
print(type(l)) # type()函数查看类型
# list可以将其它序列转换成列表
l = list((1,2,3,4))
print(l)
print(type(l))
[1, 2, 3, 4]
list操作
#列表append方法对列表进行添加元素操作
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.append('alex')print(group)
['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞', 'alex']
#列表pop方法删除列表的最后一个元素
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.pop()print(group)
['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连']
#列表remove方法删除列表指定元素
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.remove('梁连')print(group)
['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '赵鸿飞']
#列表index方法获取指定元素索引
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']print(group.index('梁连'))
6
#列表count方法查看指定元素在列表中数量
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.append('梁连')print(group)print(group.count('梁连'))
['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞', '梁连']
2
#列表extend方法拼接列表
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
tmp_group= ['alex', '武sir']
group.extend(tmp_group)print(group)
['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞', 'alex', '武sir']
#列表sort方法对列表进行排序
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.sort()print(group)
['杜保强', '杩栋胜', '梁连', '潘东林', '潘文斌', '牛恒博', '田杰', '赵鸿飞']
#列表reverse方法对列表进行反转
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.reverse()print(group)
['赵鸿飞', '梁连', '杜保强', '牛恒博', '潘东林', '杩栋胜', '田杰', '潘文斌']
#列表insert方法在列表中插入新的元素
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.insert(1, 'alex') #在索引1插入一个新的元素,之前索引1的元素向后移
print(group)
['潘文斌', 'alex', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
#列表clear方法清空列表
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group.clear()print(group)
[]
#列表分片操作
group = ['潘文斌', '田杰', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
group[1] = "tianjie" #修改列表索引1的元素
print(group)del group[3:] #del 关键字可以删除python对象中在内存得数据
print(group)
['潘文斌', 'tianjie', '杩栋胜', '潘东林', '牛恒博', '杜保强', '梁连', '赵鸿飞']
['潘文斌', 'tianjie', '杩栋胜']
#遍历列表,将"9"全部替换成"999"
name = ['Alex', 'Jack', 'Rain', [9, 4, 3, 5], 9]for num inname:if num == 9:
key=name.index(num)
name[key]= 9999
elif type(num) ==list:
index=name.index(num)for num1 innum:if num1 == 9:
index1=num.index(num1)
name[index][index1]= 9999
print(name)
['Alex', 'Jack', 'Rain', [9999, 4, 3, 5], 9999]
四、集合(set)
python 的 set 和其他语言类似, 是一个无序不重复元素集, 基本功能包括关系测 试和消除重复元素. 集合对象还支持 union(联合), intersection(交), difference(差) 和 sysmmetric difference(对称差集)等数学运算.
sets 支持 x in set, len(set),和 for x in set。作为一个无序的集合,sets 不记录元 素位置或者插入点。因此,sets 不支持 indexing, slicing, 或其它类序列 (sequence-like)的操作。
与列表和元组不同,集合是无序的,也无法通过数字进行索引。此外,集合中的 元素不能重复:
s = set("Hello")print(s)
{'l', 'o', 'H', 'e'}
如上结果中少了一个"l",set是会默认去除重复的。
set
classset(object):"""set() -> new empty set object
set(iterable) -> new set object
Build an unordered collection of unique elements."""
def add(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Add an element to a set.
This has no effect if the element is already present."""
pass
def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Remove all elements from this set."""
pass
def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return a shallow copy of a set."""
pass
def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
(i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)"""
pass
def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Remove all elements of another set from this set."""
pass
def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
If the element is not a member, do nothing."""
pass
def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.
(i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)"""
pass
def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Update a set with the intersection of itself and another."""
pass
def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return True if two sets have a null intersection."""
pass
def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Report whether another set contains this set."""
pass
def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Report whether this set contains another set."""
pass
def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
Raises KeyError if the set is empty."""
pass
def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError."""
pass
def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
(i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)"""
pass
def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another."""
pass
def union(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return the union of sets as a new set.
(i.e. all elements that are in either set.)"""
pass
def update(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Update a set with the union of itself and others."""
pass
def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self&value."""
pass
def __contains__(self, y): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x."""
pass
def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self==value."""
pass
def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return getattr(self, name)."""
pass
def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>=value."""
pass
def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self>value."""
pass
def __iand__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self&=value."""
pass
def __init__(self, seq=()): #known special case of set.__init__
"""set() -> new empty set object
set(iterable) -> new set object
Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
# (copied from class doc)"""
pass
def __ior__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self|=value."""
pass
def __isub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self-=value."""
pass
def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Implement iter(self)."""
pass
def __ixor__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self^=value."""
pass
def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return len(self)."""
pass
def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self<=value."""
pass
def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self
pass@staticmethod#known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature."""
pass
def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self!=value."""
pass
def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self|value."""
pass
def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value&self."""
pass
def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return state information for pickling."""
pass
def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return repr(self)."""
pass
def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value|self."""
pass
def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value-self."""
pass
def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return value^self."""
pass
def __sizeof__(self): #real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
"""S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes"""
pass
def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self-value."""
pass
def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): #real signature unknown
"""Return self^value."""
pass
__hash__ = None
View Code
#集合标准操作
s = set("Hello")
t= set("World")print(s.union(t)) #s 和 t的并集(两个合并到一块)
print(s | t) #简写
print(s.intersection(t)) #s 和 t的交集(取出两个都有的)
print(s &t)print(s.difference(t)) #求差集(项在s中,但是不在t中)
print(s -t)print(s.symmetric_difference(t)) #对称差集(两个中不相同的)
print(s ^ t)
{'r', 'l', 'o', 'd', 'e', 'W', 'H'}
{'l', 'o'}
{'H', 'e'}
{'r', 'd', 'e', 'W', 'H'}
#集合add方法添加新元素
t = set("Hello")
t.add("x")print(t)
{'H', 'x', 'o', 'l', 'e'}
#集合aupdate方法添加多个元素,可以接受迭代的对象,循环add,批量添加#add update 的区别
t = set("Hello")
t.add("world")print(t)
t1= set("Hello")
t1.update("world")print(t1)
{'l', 'H', 'e', 'world', 'o'}
{'l', 'H', 'd', 'e', 'w', 'o', 'r'}
#差集更新(在s中有的,在t中没有更新到s)
s = set("Hello")
t= set("World")print(s)
s.difference_update(t)print(s)
{'H', 'o', 'l', 'e'}
{'H', 'e'}
#集合remove方法,移除指定值,如果没有会报错
s = set("Hello")
s.remove("H")print(s)
{'l', 'e', 'o'}
#集合discard方法,移除指定值,如果没有会报错
s = set("Hello")
s.discard("h")print(s)
{'l', 'e', 'o', 'H'}
old_dict ={"#1": 8,"#2": 4,"#4": 2,
}
new_dict={"#1": 4,"#2": 4,"#3": 2,
}#old_dict 中没有, new_dict 中有的加到 old_dict
old_set=set(old_dict.keys())
new_set=set(new_dict.keys())
remove_set=old_set.difference(new_set)
add_set=new_set.difference(old_set)
update_set=old_set.intersection(new_set)print("删除:%s\n添加:%s\n更新%s\n" % (remove_set, add_set, update_set))
删除:{'#4'}
添加:{'#3'}
更新{'#1', '#2'}
五、运算
算数运算:
比较运算:
赋值运算:
逻辑运算:
成员运算:
身份运算:
位运算:
运算优先级: