python jinja2_Python Jinja2的简单使用

参考链接： https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/2.11.x/

下面测试使用jinja2版本： version = "2.11.2" , python版本： version = "3.7.4"

Template使用

from jinja2 import Template

template = Template('Hello {{ name }}')

print(template.render(name='dsg'))

# > output: Hello dsg

template = Template('service: {{ service.name }}, version: {{ service.version }}')

service = {'name': 'mysql', 'version': 5.7}

print(template.render(service=service))

# > output: service: mysql, version: 3.7

template = Template('service: {{ service.name }}, version: {{ service.version }}')

service = {'service': {'name': 'mysql', 'version': 5.7}}

print(template.render(service))

template = Template('service list: {% for s in services %} {{s}};{% endfor %}')

services = {'services': ['mysql', 'nginx']}

print(template.render(services))

# > output: service list: mysql; nginx;

去除空格

template = Template('service list: {% for s in services -%} {{s}};{%- endfor %}')

services = {'services': ['mysql', 'nginx']}

print(template.render(services))

# > output: service list: mysql;nginx;

直接读j2文件, j2文件示例：

# filename service.j2

name: {{ name }}

version: {{ version }}

with open('app/tmp/service.j2', 'r') as f:

buffer = f.read()

service = {'name': 'mysql', 'version': 5.7}

template = Template(buffer)

print(template.render(service))

# output:

# > name: mysql

# > version: 5.7

使用模板文件实现部署替换配置文件

# .

# |-- app

# | |-- __init__.py # 必须，

# | |-- tmp

# | |-- service.js # 配置文件模板

# | |-- nginx.js # 配置文件模板

from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader

env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('app', 'tmp'))

template = env.get_template('service.j2')

content = template.render(name='mysql', version='5.8')

with open('./config', 'w') as f:

f.write(content)

print(content)

# output:

# > name: mysql

# > version: 5.7

import yaml

with open('app/config.yml') as f:

y = yaml.safe_load(f)

print(y)

template = Template('basedir = {% for node in nodes %} {% if "nginx" in nodes[node].modules %} {{ nodes[node].basedir }} {% endif %}{% endfor %}')

print(template.render(y))

# output:

# {'nodes': {'node1': {'host': '10.0.0.2', 'basedir': '/data1', 'modules': ['mysql', 'nginx']}, 'node2': {'host': '10.0.0.3', 'basedir': '/data2', 'modules': ['nginx']}}, 'services': {'mysql': {'config': {'port': 3306, 'passwd': 123456}}, 'nginx': {'config': {'port': 8088}}}}

# basedir = /data1 /data2

env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('app', 'tmp'))

template = env.get_template('nginx.j2')

content = template.render(y)

with open('./config', 'w') as f:

f.write(content)

print(content)

nginx.j2文件内容：

version: '2'

services:

nginx:

image: nginx:11

container_name: nginx

ports:

- {{ services.nginx.config.port }}:80

volumes:

- {% for node in nodes -%} {%- if "nginx" in nodes[node].modules %}{{nodes[node].basedir}}{%- endif %} {%- endfor %}/nginx/logs/:/var/lib/nginx/logs/

- /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai:/etc/localtime

restart: always

networks:

- default_bridge

networks:

default_bridge:

external: true

config.yml文件内容：

nodes:

node1:

host: 10.0.0.2

basedir: /data1

modules:

- mysql

- nginx

node2:

host: 10.0.0.3

basedir: /data2

modules:

- nginx

services:

mysql:

config:

port: 3306

passwd: 123456

nginx:

config:

port: 8088

config文件最后写入的内容：

version: '2'

services:

nginx:

image: nginx:11

container_name: nginx

ports:

- 8088:80

volumes:

- /data1/data2/nginx/logs/:/var/lib/nginx/logs/

- /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai:/etc/localtime

restart: always

networks:

- default_bridge

networks:

default_bridge:

external: true

上面并没有得到我们想要的结果，如果nginx只在一台机器部署的话，结果会是我们想要的，但是多机部署就不行了。

这里我建议尽量少在模板文件中写逻辑判断，逻辑判断应该用python去实现，我们再真实环境中去替换nginx配置的basedir时都是by机器的，我们可以用python先解析出如下格式的数据：

{'10.0.0.2':{'nginx':{'basedir':'/data1'}},

'10.0.0.2':{'mysql':{'basedir':'/data1'}},

'10.0.0.3':{'nginx':{'basedir':'/data2'}}

}

如果我们要部署给10.0.0.2部署nginx时就能够正确获取basedir了。 具体怎么实现， 看大家了。

yml里面字典和列表

config.yml

nodes:

node1:

host: 10.0.0.2

basedir: /data1

modules:

- mysql

- nginx

node2:

host: 10.0.0.3

basedir: /data2

modules:

- nginx

template = Template(' {{ nodes }}')

print(template.render(y))

# 输出：

{'node1': {'host': '10.0.0.2', 'basedir': '/data1', 'modules': ['mysql', 'nginx']}, 'node2': {'host': '10.0.0.3', 'basedir': '/data2', 'modules': ['nginx']}}

config.xml

nodes:

- node1:

host: 10.0.0.2

basedir: /data1

modules:

- mysql

- nginx

- node2:

host: 10.0.0.3

basedir: /data2

modules:

- nginx

template = Template(' {{ nodes }}')

print(template.render(y))

# 输出：

[{'node1': {'host': '10.0.0.2', 'basedir': '/data1', 'modules': ['mysql', 'nginx']}}, {'node2': {'host': '10.0.0.3', 'basedir': '/data2', 'modules': ['nginx']}}]

yml格式不同，取值就会不同。