java 重写tostring_Java实体类如何快速重写toString()

当我们写一个实体类的时候，我们有时需要重写toString方法以方便我们查看类中字段的值，如果在重写toString()时，纯手写各个字段的话(如下方代码)，字段少了还好，字段多的话就....emmm！

static class Model extends Object {

String name;

int age;

String birthday;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public Model setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

return this;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public Model setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

return this;

}

public String getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public Model setBirthday(String birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

return this;

}

@NonNull

@Override

public String toString() {

return "[name=" + name

+ ",age=" + age

+ ",birthday=" + birthday+"]";

}

}

所以有必要寻求一种快速的方法，其实很简单：

static class Model extends Object {

String name;

int age;

String birthday;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public Model setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

return this;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public Model setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

return this;

}

public String getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public Model setBirthday(String birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

return this;

}

@NonNull

@Override

public String toString() {

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("[");

for (Field declaredField : Model.class.getDeclaredFields()) {

try {

result

.append(declaredField.getName())

.append("=")

.append(declaredField.get(Model.this))

.append(",");

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return result.substring(0, result.length() - 1) + "]";

// return "[name=" + name

// + ",age=" + age

// + ",birthday=" + birthday + "]";

}

}

其实就是简单用到了Class中的几个方法。

那我们不能每新建一个实体类重写toString()时都写这些代码吧，虽然不多，但是我懒啊，那怎么办呢？很好办，把逻辑抽出来，新建一个静态方法，用的时候直接调用就好了。

static class Model extends Object {

String name;

int age;

String birthday;

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public Model setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

return this;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

public Model setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

return this;

}

public String getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public Model setBirthday(String birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

return this;

}

@NonNull

@Override

public String toString() {

return modelToString(this);

// StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("[");

//

// for (Field declaredField : getClass().getDeclaredFields()) {

// try {

// result

// .append(declaredField.getName())

// .append("=")

// .append(declaredField.get(Model.this))

// .append(",");

// } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

// e.printStackTrace();

// }

// }

//

// return result.substring(0, result.length() - 1) + "]";

// return "[name=" + name

// + ",age=" + age

// + ",birthday=" + birthday + "]";

}

}

public static String modelToString(T t) {

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("[");

for (Field declaredField : t.getClass().getDeclaredFields()) {

try {

result

.append(declaredField.getName())

.append("=")

.append(declaredField.get(t))

.append(",");

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

return result.substring(0, result.length() - 1) + "]";

}

这样就简单多了，说了那么多我们简单测试一下。

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println(new Model()

.setBirthday("2018-02-02")

.setName("娃娃")

.setAge(2)

.toString());

long sum = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;

System.out.println(String.valueOf(sum / 1000) + " 秒\n" + sum + " 毫秒");

}

输出如下：

[name=娃娃,age=2,birthday=2018-02-02]

0 秒

3 毫秒

Process finished with exit code

那种样是不是就完工了呢？其实不是，如果你访问的是没有访问权限的字段它会报错，就是这段

try {

result

.append(declaredField.getName())

.append("=")

.append(declaredField.get(t))

.append(",");

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

，假如你访问的是另一个类的private字段，会有

java.lang.IllegalAccessException:的异常，我们来解决这个问题：

public static String modelToString(T t) {

StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("[");

for (Field declaredField : t.getClass().getDeclaredFields()) {

try {

result

.append(declaredField.getName())

.append("=")

.append(declaredField.get(t))

.append(",");

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

declaredField.setAccessible(true);

try {

result

.append(declaredField.get(t))

.append(",");

} catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {

e1.printStackTrace();

}

declaredField.setAccessible(false);

}

}

return result.substring(0, result.length() - 1) + "]";

}

如果我访问的是私有字段，我们先调用setAccessible(true)使其有被访问权限，最后调用

declaredField.setAccessible(false);关闭访问权限。

相信很多玩过Java反射的同学，都会想到这种方法！

其实不重写toString()也是可行的，调用modelToString(T t)时直接传对象，但不推荐这样做，麻烦，不省心！