python最简单的web框架_简单的web框架(python)

1、web框架介绍

Web框架(Web framework)是一种开发框架，用来支持动态网站、网络应用和网络服务的开发。这大多数的web框架提供了一套开发和部署网站的方式，也为web行为提供了一套通用的方法。web框架已经实现了很多功能，开发人员使用框架提供的方法并且完成自己的业务逻辑，就能快速开发web应用了。浏览器和服务器的是基于HTTP协议进行通信的。也可以说web框架就是在以上十几行代码基础张扩展出来的，有很多简单方便使用的方法，大大提高了开发的效率。

2、实现简单的web框架

基于socket写一个web应用

第一版本

通过HTTP协议传送过来的信息返回页面

importsocket

server=socket.socket()

server.bind(('127.0.0.1',8000))

server.listen(5)whileTrue:

conn,addr=server.accept()whileTrue:

data= conn.recv(1024)'''***data***

b'GET /index/ HTTP/1.1\r\n

Host: 127.0.0.1:8000\r\n

Connection: keep-alive\r\n

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\n

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36\r\n

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3\r\n

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\n

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,und;q=0.8,en;q=0.7\r\n

Cookie: csrftoken=kzAhOkqkoPdnQuOxI7AQTa8aOmT7g6ebPiwrI0jpQ8m04NmYLkzkFvDtD8febu41; Hm_lvt_080836300300be57b7f34f4b3e97d911=1559726342,1559732417\r\n\r\n''''conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')'''页面显示Hello

必须遵守http协议返回一个响应头'''current_path= data.decode('utf-8').split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]'''/index/'''

if current_path == '/index/':

with open('index.html', 'rb') as f:

conn.send(f.read())else:

conn.send(b'404')

conn.close()

第二版本

根据HTTP传送过来的信息返回相应的页面，通过列表保存信息模拟django中的urls，通过函数返回数据模拟django中views

importsocket

server=socket.socket()

server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))

server.listen(5)defindex():return 'index'

deflogin():return 'login'

deferror():return '404'urls=[

('/index/', index),

('/login/', login)

]whileTrue:

conn, addr=server.accept()whileTrue:

data= conn.recv(1024)'''***data***

b'GET /index/ HTTP/1.1\r\n

Host: 127.0.0.1:8000\r\n

Connection: keep-alive\r\n

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\n

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36\r\n

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3\r\n

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\n

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,und;q=0.8,en;q=0.7\r\n

Cookie: csrftoken=kzAhOkqkoPdnQuOxI7AQTa8aOmT7g6ebPiwrI0jpQ8m04NmYLkzkFvDtD8febu41; Hm_lvt_080836300300be57b7f34f4b3e97d911=1559726342,1559732417\r\n\r\n''''conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')'''页面显示Hello

必须遵守http协议返回一个响应头'''current_path= data.decode('utf-8').split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]'''/index/'''　　　　 res = None

for url inurls:if url[0] ==current_path:

res= url[1]()break

else:

res=error()

conn.send(res.encode('utf-8'))

第三版

将其拆分成start.py   urls.py   views.py

importsocketimporturls

server=socket.socket()

server.bind(('127.0.0.1', 8000))

server.listen(5)deferror():return '404'

whileTrue:

conn, addr=server.accept()whileTrue:

data= conn.recv(1024)'''***data***

b'GET /index/ HTTP/1.1\r\n

Host: 127.0.0.1:8000\r\n

Connection: keep-alive\r\n

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\n

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/74.0.3729.131 Safari/537.36\r\n

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3\r\n

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br\r\n

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,und;q=0.8,en;q=0.7\r\n

Cookie: csrftoken=kzAhOkqkoPdnQuOxI7AQTa8aOmT7g6ebPiwrI0jpQ8m04NmYLkzkFvDtD8febu41; Hm_lvt_080836300300be57b7f34f4b3e97d911=1559726342,1559732417\r\n\r\n''''conn.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n')'''页面显示Hello

必须遵守http协议返回一个响应头'''current_path= data.decode('utf-8').split('\r\n')[0].split(' ')[1]'''/index/'''res=Nonefor url inurls.urls:if url[0] ==current_path:

res= url[1]()break

else:

res=error()

conn.send(res.encode('utf-8'))

importviews

urls=[

('/index/', views.index),

('/login/', views.login)

]

defindex():return 'index'

deflogin():return 'login'

高级版

使用wsgiref.simple_server的make_server配置web应用

from wsgiref.simple_server importmake_serverfrom urls import *

defrun(env, response):''':param env: 请求相关的信息，一个处理好的字符串

:param response: 响应相关信息

:return:'''response('200 OK', [('username', 'jason'), ('password', '123')]) #固定写法 后面列表里面一个个元祖会以响应头kv键值对的形式返回给客户端

current_path = env.get('PATH_INFO')

func=Nonefor url inurls:if current_path ==url[0]:

func= url[1]break

iffunc:

res=func(env)else:

res=error(env)return [res.encode('utf-8')]if __name__ == '__main__':

server= make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, run)

server.serve_forever()

defindex(env):return 'index'

deflogin(env):return 'login'

deferror(env):return '404'

from views import *urls=[

('/index/', index),

('/login/', login)

]

终极版

使用jinja2对模板进行替换，对数据库进行连接

from wsgiref.simple_server importmake_serverfrom urls import *

defrun(env, response):''':param env: 请求相关的信息，一个处理好的字符串

:param response: 响应相关信息

:return:'''response('200 OK', [('username', 'jason'), ('password', '123')]) #固定写法 后面列表里面一个个元祖会以响应头kv键值对的形式返回给客户端

current_path = env.get('PATH_INFO')

func=Nonefor url inurls:if current_path ==url[0]:

func= url[1]break

iffunc:

res=func(env)else:

res=error(env)return [res.encode('utf-8')]if __name__ == '__main__':

server= make_server('127.0.0.1', 8080, run)

server.serve_forever()

importtimefrom jinja2 importTemplateimportpymysqldefindex(env):return 'index'

deflogin(env):return 'login'

defget_time(env):#先获取当前时间

current_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X')#打开html文件读取内容返回给客户端

with open(r'templates/get_time.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:

data=f.read()#因为是以r模式打开的文件，所有获取到的内容就是一堆字符串

res = data.replace('@@time@@', current_time) #字符串的替换

returnresdefget_user(env):

with open(r'templates/get_user.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:

data=f.read()

tmp=Template(data)#将字典传递给前端页面 前端通过变量名user_dic就可以获取到该字典

return tmp.render(user_dic={'name': "jason", 'password': '123'})defget_db(env):#连接数据库 获取数据 渲染到前端页面

conn =pymysql.connect(

host='127.0.0.1',

port=3306,

user='root',

password='123',

database='blog',

charset='utf8',

autocommit=True

)

cursor=conn.cursor(pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)

cursor.execute('select * from userinfo')

user_dict= cursor.fetchall() #[{},{},{},{}]

with open(r'templates/get_db.html', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:

data=f.read()

tmp=Template(data)return tmp.render(user_dict=user_dict)deferror(env):return '404 error'

from views import *urls=[

('/index',index),

('/login',login),

('/get_time',get_time),

('/get_user',get_user),

('/get_db',get_db),

]

TitleTitle

{{ user_dic }}

{{ user_dic.name }}

{{ user_dic['password'] }}

{{ user_dic.get('name') }}