有序的Map集合实现整理（2）——TreeMap

1.上一篇讲了LinkedHashMap实现有序的原理，这票介绍一个另一种有序的Map，TreeMap。

同样是有序，两者大不一样，LinkedHashMap是按照插入顺序排序，而TreeMap是按照Key的自然顺序或者Comprator的顺序进行排序。在实现原理上LinkedHashMap是双向链表，TreeMap是红黑树。TreeMap还有个好兄弟叫TreeSet，实现原理是一样的。

2.通过一个实例看TreeMap排序   代吗输出如下：

 

3.TreeMap实现继承于AbstractMap，并且实现了NavigableMap接口  本质是红黑树，它包含几个重要的成员变量： root,size,comparator    其中Root是红黑树的根节点。它是Entry类型，Entry是红黑树的节点，它包含了红黑树的6个基本组成部分：key(键)、value(值)、left(孩子)、right(孩子)、parent(父节点)、color(颜色)。Entry节点根据key进行排序，Entry节点包含的内容为value。红黑树 排序时，根据Entry中的key进行排序，Entry中key比较大小是根据比较起comparator来进行判断的

 

4.具体实现如下：

/**
 * Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
 * If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old
 * value is replaced.
 *
 * @param key key with which the specified value is to be associated
 * @param value value to be associated with the specified key
 *
 * @return the previous value associated with {@code key}, or
 *         {@code null} if there was no mapping for {@code key}.
 *         (A {@code null} return can also indicate that the map
 *         previously associated {@code null} with {@code key}.)
 * @throws ClassCastException if the specified key cannot be compared
 *         with the keys currently in the map
 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified key is null
 *         and this map uses natural ordering, or its comparator
 *         does not permit null keys
 */
public V put(K key, V value) {
    Entry<K,V> t = root;
    if (t == null) {
        compare(key, key); // type (and possibly null) check

        root = new Entry<>(key, value, null);
        size = 1;
        modCount++;
        return null;
    }
    int cmp;
    Entry<K,V> parent;
    // split comparator and comparable paths
    Comparator<? super K> cpr = comparator;
    if (cpr != null) {
        do {
            parent = t;
            cmp = cpr.compare(key, t.key);
            if (cmp < 0)
                t = t.left;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                t = t.right;
            else
                return t.setValue(value);
        } while (t != null);
    }
    else {
        if (key == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            Comparable<? super K> k = (Comparable<? super K>) key;
        do {
            parent = t;
            cmp = k.compareTo(t.key);
            if (cmp < 0)
                t = t.left;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                t = t.right;
            else
                return t.setValue(value);
        } while (t != null);
    }
    Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<>(key, value, parent);
    if (cmp < 0)
        parent.left = e;
    else
        parent.right = e;
    fixAfterInsertion(e);
    size++;
    modCount++;
    return null;
}