sed 分隔符打印_字符截取：cut，格式化输出：printf，字符截取：awk，文件或命令输出编辑：sed...

cut 选项 文件名

-f 列号　　提取第几列

-d 分隔符　　指定分隔符把行分成多列

不能以空格为分隔符。

[root@localhost ~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score1 zhangsan m 88

2 lisi f 89

3 wangwu m 87[root@localhost~]# cut -f 2testfile　　注释：默认分隔符是制表符\t

name

zhangsan

lisi

wangwu

[root@localhost~]# cut -f 2,4testfile

name score

zhangsan88lisi89wangwu87

[root@localhost ~]# cattestfile

no. na:me sex sco:re1 zhang:san m 8:8

2 li:si f 8:9

3 wang:wu m 8:7[root@localhost~]# cut -f 1,3 -d : testfile

no. na:re1 zhang:8

2 li:9

3 wang:7

root@localhost ~]# cut -f 1 -d : /etc/passwd|grepxiong

xiongjiawei

[root@localhost~]# grep xiong /etc/passwd|cut -d : -f 1xiongjiawei

[root@localhost~]# grep xiong /etc/passwd|cut -d ":" -f 1xiongjiawei

[root@localhost~]# grep xiong /etc/passwd|cut -f 1 -d :

xiongjiawei

[root@localhost~]# grep xiong /etc/passwd|cut -f 1 -d ":"xiongjiawei

printf '格式' 输出内容

%ns　　输出n个字符串

%ni　　输出n个数字

%n.mf　　输出共n位数字，m位小数，如%5.2f表示共3位整数，2位小数

\a　　警告声

\b　　Backspace键

\f　　清屏

\n　　换行，常用

\r　　Enter，常用

\t　　Tab，常用

\v　　垂直Tab

awk支持printf和print(linux默认无此命令)，print输出会自动加换行，printf是标准格式输出命令，不会自动加换行，如果要换行需要手动加。

[root@localhost ~]# printf %s a b cd ef g 1 2abcdefg12[root@localhost~]# printf %s %s a b cd ef g 1 2

%sabcdefg12[root@localhost ~]# printf '%s %s' a b cd ef g 1 2a bcd efg12 [root@localhost ~]# printf '%s\n%s' a b cd ef g 1 2a

bcd

efg12[root@localhost~]# printf '%s %s\n' a b cd ef g 1 2a b

cd ef

g1

2[root@localhost~]# printf %s $(cattestfile)

no.na:mesexsco:re1zhang:sanm8:82li:sif8:93wang:wum8:7[root@localhost ~]#

[root@localhost~]# cattestfile

no. na:me sex sco:re1 zhang:san m 8:8

2 li:si f 8:9

3 wang:wu m 8:7

awk '条件1{动作1} 条件2{运行2}...' 文件名

默认以空格为分隔符，执行命令时首先读取文件一行。

[root@localhost ~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# awk {printf $2 $4} testfileawk: cmd. line:1: {printfawk: cmd. line:1: ^ unexpected newline or end of string　　注释：报错的原因是awk命令后的条件动作未加单引号[root@localhost~]# awk '{printf $2 $4}'testfile

namescorezhansan88li:si89wangwu87[root@localhost~]# awk '{printf $2\t$4\n}'testfileawk: cmd. line:1: {printf $2\t$4\n}awk: cmd. line:1: ^ backslash not lastcharacter on lineawk: cmd. line:1: {printf $2\t$4\n}awk: cmd. line:1: ^syntax error注释：报错是因为制表符\t未加双引号[root@localhost~]# awk '{printf $2 "\t" $4 \n}'testfileawk: cmd. line:1: {printf $2 "\t" $4\n}awk: cmd. line:1: ^ backslash not lastcharacter on lineawk: cmd. line:1: {printf $2 "\t" $4\n}awk: cmd. line:1: ^syntax error　　注释：报错是因为换行符\n未加双引号

[root@localhost~]# awk '{printf $2 "\t" $4 "\n"}'testfile

name score

zhansan88li:si89wangwu87[root@localhost~]# awk '{printf $2"\t"$4"\n"}'testfile

name score

zhansan88li:si89wangwu87[root@localhost~]# df -h|awk '{printf $1}'文件系统/dev/sda5devtmpfstmpfstmpfstmpfs/dev/sda2/dev/sdb5/dev/sdb1/dev/sda1tmpfs[root@localhost ~]# df -h|awk '{printf $1"\n"}'文件系统/dev/sda5

devtmpfs

tmpfs

tmpfs

tmpfs/dev/sda2/dev/sdb5/dev/sdb1/dev/sda1

tmpfs

[root@localhost~]# df -h|awk '{print $1}'文件系统/dev/sda5

devtmpfs

tmpfs

tmpfs

tmpfs/dev/sda2/dev/sdb5/dev/sdb1/dev/sda1

tmpfs[root@localhost~]# df文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用%挂载点/dev/sda5 16558080 1443112 15114968 9% /devtmpfs490168 0 490168 0% /dev

tmpfs499968 0 499968 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs499968 6872 493096 2% /run

tmpfs499968 0 499968 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda2 2086912 33160 2053752 2% /home/dev/sdb5 1998672 6144 1871288 1% /disk5/dev/sdb1 999320 2564 927944 1% /disk1/dev/sda1 201380 116576 84804 58% /boot

tmpfs99996 0 99996 0% /run/user/0[root@localhost~]# df -h|grepsda5/dev/sda5 16G 1.4G 15G 9% /[root@localhost~]# df -h|grep sda5|awk '{print $5}'

9%[root@localhost~]# df -h|grep sda5|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d % -f1　　注释：cut命令的-f选项后的列序号和f之间可以无空格9[root@localhost~]# df -h|grep sda5|awk '{print $5}'|cut -d % -f 1

9[root@localhost~]# df -h|grep sda5|awk 'BEGIN{print "This is a title:"}{print $5}'|cut -d % -f 1This is a title:9[root@localhost~]# df -h|grep sda5|awk '{print "This is a title:"}{print $5}'|cut -d % -f1

This is a title:9[root@localhost~]# awk '{print $1}' /etc/passwd　　注释：awk的默认分隔符是空格root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologinlp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologinsync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/syncshutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologinftp:x:14:50:FTP

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:997:systemd

systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd

dbus:x:81:81:System

polkitd:x:998:996:User

libstoragemgmt:x:997:995:daemon

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind

tss:x:59:59:Account

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

chrony:x:996:994::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

xiongjiawei:x:1000:1000:xiongjiawei:/home/xiongjiawei:/bin/bash

qiaofeng:x:1001:1001::/home/qiaofeng:/bin/bash

yangguo:x:1002:1002::/home/yangguo:/bin/bash

st:x:1003:1004::/home/st:/bin/bash

user1:x:1004:1005::/home/user1:/bin/bash

[root@localhost~]# awk '{FS=":"}{print $1}' /etc/passwdroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash　　注释：设置分隔符为冒号:后第一行并未处理，因为awk命令的执行是首先读取第一行

bin

daemon

admlp

syncshutdown

halt

mail

operator

gamesftpnobody

systemd-bus-proxy

systemd-network

dbus

polkitd

libstoragemgmt

abrt

rpc

tss

postfix

sshd

ntp

chrony

tcpdump

xiongjiawei

qiaofeng

yangguo

st

user1

[root@localhost~]# awk 'BEGIN{FS=":"}{print $1}' /etc/passwd注释：加BEGIN后就不会首先读取第一行，而是首先设置分隔符

root

bin

daemon

admlp

syncshutdown

halt

mail

operator

gamesftpnobody

systemd-bus-proxy

systemd-network

dbus

polkitd

libstoragemgmt

abrt

rpc

tss

postfix

sshd

ntp

chrony

tcpdump

xiongjiawei

qiaofeng

yangguo

st

user1

[root@localhost~]# awk 'END{print "The end!"}BEGIN{FS=":"}{print $1}' /etc/passwd注释：有BEGIN就有END，在命令动作中的顺序无所谓

root

bin

daemon

admlp

syncshutdown

halt

mail

operator

gamesftpnobody

systemd-bus-proxy

systemd-network

dbus

polkitd

libstoragemgmt

abrt

rpc

tss

postfix

sshd

ntp

chrony

tcpdump

xiongjiawei

qiaofeng

yangguo

st

user1

The end![root@localhost~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# awk '$4>88{print $2}'testfile　　注释：根据条件执行动作

name

li:si

sed

sed [选项] '[动作]' 文件名

选项：

-n 只输出sed处理过的行

-i 修改原文件

-e 执行多条sed动作

动作：

p 打印，例2p打印第2行，2,3p打印第2、3行

d 删除，例‘3,4d'，不输出第3、4行

a 追加，例'2a Welcome to China'，在第2行后换行追加Welcom to China

i 插入，例'2i Welcom to China'，在第2行前插入Welcom to China，即在第1行后换行插入Welcom to China

c 行替换

s 字符串替换

[root@localhost ~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# sed '2p'testfile　　注释：不加选项-n时即输出原文件又输出经过处理的结果

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# sed -n '2p'testfile1 zhansan m 88 18student

[root@localhost~]# sed -n '2,3p'testfile1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member

[root@localhost~]# df -h|sed -n '2p'

/dev/sda5 16G 1.4G 15G 9% /[root@localhost~]# sed '3,4d'testfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student

[root@localhost~]# df -h|sed '2a This is added words'文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%挂载点/dev/sda5 16G 1.4G 15G 9% /This is added words

devtmpfs 479M0 479M 0% /dev

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 489M6.8M 482M 2% /run

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda2 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /home/dev/sdb5 2.0G 6.0M 1.8G 1% /disk5/dev/sdb1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /disk1/dev/sda1 197M 114M 83M 58% /boot

tmpfs 98M0 98M 0% /run/user/0[root@localhost~]# df -h|sed '2i This is added words'文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%挂载点

This is added words/dev/sda5 16G 1.4G 15G 9% /devtmpfs 479M0 479M 0% /dev

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 489M6.8M 482M 2% /run

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda2 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /home/dev/sdb5 2.0G 6.0M 1.8G 1% /disk5/dev/sdb1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /disk1/dev/sda1 197M 114M 83M 58% /boot

tmpfs 98M0 98M 0% /run/user/0[root@localhost~]# df -h|sed '2i This is \added words'文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%挂载点

This is dded words/dev/sda5 16G 1.4G 15G 9% /devtmpfs 479M0 479M 0% /dev

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 489M6.8M 482M 2% /run

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda2 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /home/dev/sdb5 2.0G 6.0M 1.8G 1% /disk5/dev/sdb1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /disk1/dev/sda1 197M 114M 83M 58% /boot

tmpfs 98M0 98M 0% /run/user/0[root@localhost~]# df -h|sed '2i This is \

> added words'

文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%挂载点

This is

added words/dev/sda5 16G 1.4G 15G 9% /devtmpfs 479M0 479M 0% /dev

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /dev/shm

tmpfs 489M6.8M 482M 2% /run

tmpfs 489M0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda2 2.0G 33M 2.0G 2% /home/dev/sdb5 2.0G 6.0M 1.8G 1% /disk5/dev/sdb1 976M 2.6M 907M 1% /disk1/dev/sda1 197M 114M 83M 58% /boot

tmpfs 98M0 98M 0% /run/user/0[root@localhost~]# sed '2c deleted...'testfile

no. name sex score age comment

deleted...2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# sed '2c deleted...\

> new lines!!!'testfile

no. name sex score age comment

deleted...

new lines!!!

2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher[root@localhost~]# sed '3s/li:si/lisi/g'testfile 　　注释：2表示行序号，不加数字表示替换整个文档

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 lisi f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 li:si f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# sed -i '3s/li:si/lisi/g'testfile　　注释：-i选项表示修改原文件，此选项有一定风险性，慎用，如果需要修改文件内容建议使用vim

[root@localhost~]# cattestfile

no. name sex score age comment1 zhansan m 88 18student2 lisi f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22teacher

[root@localhost~]# sed -e '2s/zhansan/sanzhan/g;3s/li/Li/g'testfile

no. name sex score age comment1 sanzhan m 88 18student2 Lisi f 89 20member3 wangwu m 87 22 teacher