[python从入门到实践] chap7用户输入和while循环

input

input()让程序暂停运行，等待用户输入一些文本。获取用户输入后，Python将其存储在 一个变量中，以方便你使用。

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ") print(message)

name = input("Please enter your name: ") 
print("Hello, " + name + "!")

int()
使用函数input()时，Python将用户输入解读为字符串。可使用函数int()，它让Python将输入视为数值。

>>> age = input("How old are you? ")
How old are you? 21 
>>> age = int(age)
>>> age >= 18 True

求模运算符(%)
求模运算符不会指出一个数是另一个数的多少倍，而只指出余数是多少。

number = input("Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ") 
number = int(number)
if number % 2 == 0:
	print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")
else:
	print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is odd.")

while循环

current_number = 1
while current_number <= 5:
	print(current_number) 
	current_number += 1

带有退出的循环

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:" 
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

message = "" 
while message != 'quit':
	 message = input(prompt) 
	 print(message)   #用户自主选择

active = True    #设置一个标志
while active:
    message = input(prompt)
	if message == 'quit': active = False
	else: print(message)

while True:
	city = input(prompt)
	if city == 'quit': break    #使用break退出
	else:
		print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

在任何Python循环中都可使用break语句。例如，可使用break语句来退出遍历列表或字典 的for循环。

使用continue

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10: 
	current_number += 1
	if current_number % 2 == 0: 
		continue
	print(current_number)

避免无限循环

使用while循环来处理列表和字典

# 首先，创建一个待验证用户列表
# 和一个用于存储已验证用户的空列表 
unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []

# 验证每个用户，直到没有未验证用户为止
# 将每个经过验证的列表都移到已验证用户列表中 
while unconfirmed_users:
	current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop() 
	print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())
	confirmed_users.append(current_user)

# 显示所有已验证的用户
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:") for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
print(confirmed_user.title())

删除包含特定值的所有列表元素

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat'] 
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets: 
	pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)