python的range_python 中range与xrange的区别

先来看看range与xrange的用法介绍

help(range)

Help on built-in function range in module __builtin__:

range(...)

range(stop) -> list of integers

range(start, stop[, step]) -> list of integers

Return a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers.

range(i, j) returns [i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1]; start (!) defaults to 0.

When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).

For example, range(4) returns [0, 1, 2, 3]. The end point is omitted!

These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements.

实例说明

eg:

In [4]: range(6)

Out[4]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

In [5]: range(1,6)

Out[5]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

In [6]: range(1,6,1)

Out[6]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

In [7]: range(1,6,2)

Out[7]: [1, 3, 5]

range()返回的是list对象(列表)，默认步长为1，一次性输出所有内容

Help on class xrange in module __builtin__:

class xrange(object)

| xrange(stop) -> xrange object

| xrange(start, stop[, step]) -> xrange object

|

| Like range(), but instead of returning a list, returns an object that

| generates the numbers in the range on demand. For looping, this is

| slightly faster than range() and more memory efficient.

|

| Methods defined here:

|

| __getattribute__(...)

| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name

|

| __getitem__(...)

| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]

|

| __iter__(...)

| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)

|

| __len__(...)

| x.__len__() <==> len(x)

|

| __reduce__(...)

|

| __repr__(...)

| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)

|

| __reversed__(...)

| Returns a reverse iterator.

|

| ----------------------------------------------------------------------

| Data and other attributes defined here:

|

| __new__ =

|T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

In [15]: xrange(5)

Out[15]: xrange(5)

In [16]: list(xrange(5))

Out[16]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

In [17]: list(xrange(1,5))

Out[17]: [1, 2, 3, 4]

In [18]: list(xrange(0,6,2))

Out[18]: [0, 2, 4]

range() 与xrange()都用于循环

In [24]: for i in range(10,20):

....: print i

....:

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

In [25]: for i1 in xrange(10,20):

....: print i1

....:

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

这两个输出的结果都是一样的，实际上有很多不同，range会直接生成一个list对象，xrange直接生成一个生成器：

通过上面的示例知道：要生成很大的数字序列的时候，用xrange会比range性能优很多，因为不需要一开始就开辟一块很大的内存空间

所以xrange做循环的性能比range好，尤其是返回很大的时候。尽量用xrange吧，除非你是要返回一个列表。