python range函数起点和终点数一样_python range() 和xrange()的区别

Help on built-in function range in module __builtin__:

range(...)

range(stop) -> list of integers

range(start, stop[, step]) -> list of integers

Return a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers.

range(i, j) returns [i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1]; start (!) defaults to 0.

When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).

For example, range(4) returns [0, 1, 2, 3]. The end point is omitted!

These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements.

(END)

以上是range函数的说明，三个参数，分别代表开始，结束位置和步长。

使用方法如下：

In [2]: range(10)

Out[2]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

In [3]: range(1, 10)

Out[3]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

In [4]: range(1, 10, 2)

Out[4]: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

In [5]: type(range(1, 3))

Out[5]: list

In [6]: for i in range(10):

...: print i

...:

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

而xrange（）说明如下：

Help on class xrange in module __builtin__:

class xrange(object)

| xrange(stop) -> xrange object

| xrange(start, stop[, step]) -> xrange object

|

| Like range(), but instead of returning a list, returns an object that

| generates the numbers in the range on demand. For looping, this is

| slightly faster than range() and more memory efficient.

|

| Methods defined here:

|

| __getattribute__(...)

| x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name

|

| __getitem__(...)

| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]

|

| __iter__(...)

| x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)

|

| __len__(...)

| x.__len__() <==> len(x)

|

| __reduce__(...)

|

| __repr__(...)

| x.__repr__() <==> repr(x)

|

| __reversed__(...)

| Returns a reverse iterator.

|

| ----------------------------------------------------------------------

| Data and other attributes defined here:

|

| __new__ =

| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

(END)

说明了两者的区别是xrange返回的是一个可迭代的对象，range返回的则是一个列表. 同时效率更高，更快。

原因是实现的时候使用了yield（唔，源码没看见，具体对比可以看一下http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/122781），

因此更节省内存，规模越大区别更明显.

关于可迭代对象的定义见：https://eastlakeside.gitbooks.io/interpy-zh/content/Generators/Iterable.html

即，只要定义了可以返回一个迭代器的__iter__方法，或者__getitem__那么就是可迭代对象。

xrange使用方法如下：

In [13]: list(xrange(3))

Out[13]: [0, 1, 2]

In [14]: a = xrange(3)

In [15]: a.__iter__

Out[15]:

In [16]: a.__iter__()

Out[16]: