1.运算符:
数字运算符:+、-、*、/、% 、//
整体注释:ctrl+?, 判断条件:in、 not in
字符串:
布尔值:ture (真) false(假)
逻辑运算:and or not
赋值运算:如count=count+1等于count+=1,其他同理可得。
结果是值的有:算数运算和赋值运算
结果是布尔值的有:比较运算、逻辑运算、成员运算
2.基本数据类型:
2.1数字:a1=123;a2=2341
数字:int,所有的功能都在int里,python3里int类型无范围,python2里有整形和长整形
2.1.1 -int: a=“123”
b=int(a): 将字符串转换为数字。注意:a=‘123a’不能转换
如果想要查看是什么类型,用“type”; print(type(a),a)
num='0011'
v=int(num,base=16):将num以16进制转换
print(v)
2.2.2 -bit_length:
#:当前数字的二进制,至少用n为表示
age=8
r=(age).bit_length()
2.3列表-list
通过list类创建的对象,如:
li=[1,12,90,['李明',"Succ",78],"alex","age"]print(li[3:-1]) #切片,切片的结果也是列表for item inli: #for循环取值print(item)
列表可以被修改、删除:
li=[1,12,90,['李明',"Succ",78],"alex","age"]
li[1]=120 #修改
print(li)del li[2] #删除
print(li)
列表的in操作:
li=[1,12,90,['李明',"Succ",78],"alex","age"]
v=li[3][0][1]print(v)
转换:
(1)字符串转换为列表:
li=list("avaswmdqwklenf")print(li)
(2)列表转换为字符串:
#用for循环一个一个处理:既有数字又有字符串
a=["success",1234]for i in(str(a)):print(i)#直接用join方法:列表中的元素只有字符串
a=["success","1234"]
v=" ".join(a)print(v)
列表的追加、删除、复制
li = [1, 12, 90, ['李明', "Succ", 78], "alex", "age", 90, 90]
li.append(5)print(li)
v=li.clear()print(v)
li.copy()print(li)
计算列表中元素出现的次数:
li = [1, 12, 90, ['李明', "Succ", 78], "alex", "age", 90, 90]
v=li.count(90)print(v)
li = [1, 12, 90, ['李明', "Succ", 78], "alex", "age", 90, 90]
v=li.index(90) #寻找值
print(v)
li.extend([9988,"liing",]) #执行了循环
print(li)
li.extend("liing",)print(li)
li.insert(2,99) #在指定索引位置插入
print(li)
v=li.pop(3) #默认情况下,删除某一值,并获取相关值
print(li)print(v)
li.remove(12) #删除列表中的指定值,左边优先
print(li)
2.4元祖-tuple
元组:元素不可修改,不能增加或删除,一般写元组在最后加一个‘,’号。
tu = (11, 'alex', (11, 22), [(33, 44)], True, 45, 11,)#索引取值
v=tu[3]print(v)#切片
v=tu[0:3]print(v)#for 循环
for item intu:print(item)#元组有序
v=tu[3][0][1]print(v)#count:获取指定元素在元组中出现的次数
v=tu.count(11)print(v)#index索引
v=tu.index('alex')print(v)
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2.5字典-dict
#字典:dict
#基本结构
info={"k1":"v1", #键值对
"k2":"v2",
}#字典中的value可以是任意值
info ={"k1": 18,"k2": True,"k3": [11,
[],
(),22,33,
{"kk1": "vv1","kk2": "vv2","kk3": (11,22),
}
],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44),
}
v=info["k3"][5]["kk3"][0]print(v)#列表、字典不能作为字典的key,布尔值会与(0,1)重复
info ={"k1": 18,1: 123,
True: [11,
[],
(),22,33,
{"kk1": "vv1","kk2": "vv2","kk3": (11, 22),
}
],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44),
}print(info)
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字典中的for循环
#for循环
info ={"k1": 18,3: 123,
True: [11,
[],
(),22,33,
{"kk1": "vv1","kk2": "vv2","kk3": (11,22),
}
],"k4": (11, 22, 33, 44),
}for item in info: #默认关键词
print(item)for item ininfo.values():print(item)for k,v ininfo.items():print(k,v)
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#判断
dic={"k1":"v1"}
v="k" in dic #判断k是否是关键词
print(v)
v="v1" indic.values()print(v)#fromkeys:根据序列,创建字典,指定统一的值
dic ={"k1": "v1"}
v= dic.fromkeys(["k1", 123, "99"])print(v)
v= dic.fromkeys(["k1", 123, "99"], 123)print(v)#get:根据key获取值,key不存在是,可指定默认值
v=dic.get("k1")print(v)
v=dic.get("k111",111)print(v)#pop指定某个ki删除
v=dic.pop("k1")print(dic,v)
v=dic.pop("k111",90)print(dic,v)#popitem:随机删除
dic ={"k1": "v1","k2": "v2","k3": "v3",
}
v=dic.popitem()print(dic,v)
k, v=dic.popitem()print(dic, k, v)#setdefault:设置值,已存在,不设置,获取当前key对应的值;不存在,设置
v=dic.setdefault('k1','123')print(dic,v)
v=dic.setdefault('k11','123')print(dic,v)#update
dic.update(k1=123,k3=456,k5="adcs")print(dic)
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