python的装饰器详解_python装饰器详解，最全的python解释器

函数式编程复习：

def map_test(func,array):

array_new=[]

for i in array:

array_new.append(func(i))

return array_new

print map_test(lambda x:x**2,range(10))

print map(lambda x:x**2,range(10))

def odd(num):

return num % 2

def filter_test(func,array):

array_new=[]

for i in array:

if func(i):

array_new.append(i)

return array_new

print filter_test(odd,range(10))

print filter(odd,range(10))

def reduce_test(func,array,init):

l=list(array)

if init is None:

res=l.pop(0)

else:

res=init

for i in l:

res=func(res,i)

return res

print reduce_test(lambda x,y:x+y,range(100),10)

print reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,range(100),10)

python装饰器

一:函数调用顺序：其他高级语言类似,Python 不允许在函数未声明之前,对其进行引用或者调用

错误示范：

def foo():

print 'in the foo'

bar()

foo()

报错：

in the foo

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

foo()

File "", line 3, in foo

bar()

NameError: global name 'bar' is not defined

def foo():

print 'foo'

bar()

foo()

def bar():

print 'bar'

报错：NameError: global name 'bar' is not defined

正确示范:(注意，python为解释执行，函数foo在调用前已经声明了bar和foo，所以bar和foo无顺序之分)

def bar():

print 'in the bar'

def foo():

print 'in the foo'

bar()

foo()

def foo():

print 'in the foo'

bar()

def bar():

print 'in the bar'

foo()

二：高阶函数

满足下列条件之一就可成函数为高阶函数

某一函数当做参数传入另一个函数中

函数的返回值包含n个函数,n>0

高阶函数示范：

def bar():

print 'in the bar'

def foo(func):

res=func()

return res

foo(bar)

高阶函数的牛逼之处：

def foo(func):

return func

print 'Function body is %s' %(foo(bar))

print 'Function name is %s' %(foo(bar).func_name)

foo(bar)()

#foo(bar)() 等同于bar=foo(bar)然后bar()

bar=foo(bar)

bar()

三：内嵌函数和变量作用域：

定义：在一个函数体内创建另外一个函数，这种函数就叫内嵌函数(基于python支持静态嵌套域)

函数嵌套示范：

def foo():

def bar():

print 'in the bar'

bar()

foo()

# bar()

局部作用域和全局作用域的访问顺序

x=0

def grandpa():

# x=1

def dad():

x=2

def son():

x=3

print x

son()

dad()

grandpa()

局部变量修改对全局变量的影响

y=10

# def test():

# y+=1

# print y

def test():

# global y

y=2

print y

test()

print y

def dad():

m=1

def son():

n=2

print '--->',m + n

print '-->',m

son()

dad()

四：闭包：如果在一个内部函数里，对在外部作用域(但不是在全局作用域）的变量进行引用，那么内部函数就被认为是 closure

def counter(start_num=0):

count=[start_num]

def incr():

count[0]+=1

return count[0]

return incr

print counter()

print counter()()

print counter()()

c=counter()

print c()

print c()

五：内嵌函数+高阶函数+闭包=》装饰器

预热两个范例:

范例一：函数参数固定

def decorartor(func):

def wrapper(n):

print 'starting'

func(n)

print 'stopping'

return wrapper

def test(n):

print 'in the test arg is %s' %n

decorartor(test)('alex')

范例二：函数参数不固定

def decorartor(func):

def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):

print 'starting'

func(*args,**kwargs)

print 'stopping'

return wrapper

def test(n,x=1):

print 'in the test arg is %s' %n

decorartor(test)('alex',x=2)

无参装饰器

import time

def decorator(func):

def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):

start=time.time()

func(*args,**kwargs)

stop=time.time()

print 'run time is %s ' %(stop-start)

print timeout

return wrapper

@decorator

def test(list_test):

for i in list_test:

time.sleep(0.1)

print '-'*20,i

#decorator(test)(range(10))

test(range(10))

2. 有参装饰器

import time

def timer(timeout=0):

def decorator(func):

def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):

start=time.time()

func(*args,**kwargs)

stop=time.time()

print 'run time is %s ' %(stop-start)

print timeout

return wrapper

return decorator

@timer(2)

def test(list_test):

for i in list_test:

time.sleep(0.1)

print '-'*20,i

#timer(timeout=10)(test)(range(10))

test(range(10))

六：装饰器应用案例：

装饰器功能：函数超时则终止

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from threading import Thread

import time

class TimeoutException(Exception):

pass

ThreadStop = Thread._Thread__stop#获取私有函数

def timelimited(timeout):

def decorator(function):

def decorator2(*args,**kwargs):

class TimeLimited(Thread):

def __init__(self,_error= None,):

Thread.__init__(self)

self._error = _error

def run(self):

try:

self.result = function(*args,**kwargs)

except Exception,e:

self._error =e

def _stop(self):

if self.isAlive():

ThreadStop(self)

t = TimeLimited()

t.start()

t.join(timeout)

if isinstance(t._error,TimeoutException):

t._stop()

raise TimeoutException('timeout for %s' % (repr(function)))

if t.isAlive():

t._stop()

raise TimeoutException('timeout for %s' % (repr(function)))

if t._error is None:

return t.result

return decorator2

return decorator

@timelimited(2)

def fn_1(secs):

time.sleep(secs)

return 'Finished'

if __name__ == "__main__":

print fn_1(4)