python3模块文档_http — HTTP 模块

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# [`http`](#module-http "http: HTTP status codes and messages") --- HTTP 模块

**源代码:** [Lib/http/\_\_init\_\_.py](https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/http/__init__.py) \[https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/Lib/http/\_\_init\_\_.py\]

- - - - - -

[`http`](#module-http "http: HTTP status codes and messages") 是一个包，它收集了多个用于处理超文本传输协议的模块:

- [`http.client`](http.client.xhtml#module-http.client "http.client: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).") 是一个低层级的 HTTP 协议客户端；对于高层级的 URL 访问请使用 [`urllib.request`](urllib.request.xhtml#module-urllib.request "urllib.request: Extensible library for opening URLs.")

- [`http.server`](http.server.xhtml#module-http.server "http.server: HTTP server and request handlers.") 包含基于 [`socketserver`](socketserver.xhtml#module-socketserver "socketserver: A framework for network servers.") 的基本 HTTP 服务类

- [`http.cookies`](http.cookies.xhtml#module-http.cookies "http.cookies: Support for HTTP state management (cookies).") 包含一些有用来实现通过 cookies 进行状态管理的工具

- [`http.cookiejar`](http.cookiejar.xhtml#module-http.cookiejar "http.cookiejar: Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies.") 提供了 cookies 的持久化

[`http`](#module-http "http: HTTP status codes and messages") 也是一个通过 [`http.HTTPStatus`](#http.HTTPStatus "http.HTTPStatus") 枚举定义了一些 HTTP 状态码以及相关联消息的模块

*class* `http.``HTTPStatus`3\.5 新版功能.

[`enum.IntEnum`](enum.xhtml#enum.IntEnum "enum.IntEnum") 的子类，它定义了组 HTTP 状态码，原理短语以及用英语书写的长描述文本。

用法:

```

>>> from http import HTTPStatus

>>> HTTPStatus.OK

>>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200

True

>>> http.HTTPStatus.OK.value

200

>>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase

'OK'

>>> HTTPStatus.OK.description

'Request fulfilled, document follows'

>>> list(HTTPStatus)

[, , ...]

```

## HTTP 状态码

已支持并且已在 [`http.HTTPStatus`](#http.HTTPStatus "http.HTTPStatus") [IANA 注册](https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml) \[https://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xhtml\] 的状态码有：

状态码

映射名

详情

`100`

`CONTINUE`

HTTP/1.1 [**RFC 7231**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html\], Section 6.2.1

`101`

`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.2.2

`102`

`PROCESSING`

WebDAV RFC 2518, Section 10.1

`200`

`OK`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.1

`201`

`CREATED`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.2

`202`

`ACCEPTED`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.3

`203`

`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.4

`204`

`NO_CONTENT`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.5

`205`

`RESET_CONTENT`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.6

`206`

`PARTIAL_CONTENT`

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233, Section 4.1

`207`

`MULTI_STATUS`

WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.1

`208`

`ALREADY_REPORTED`

WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.1 (Experimental)

`226`

`IM_USED`

Delta Encoding in HTTP RFC 3229, Section 10.4.1

`300`

`MULTIPLE_CHOICES`：有多种资源可选择

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.1

`301`

`MOVED_PERMANENTLY`：永久移动

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.2

`302`

`FOUND`：临时移动

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.3

`303`

`SEE_OTHER`：已经移动

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.4

`304`

`NOT_MODIFIED`：没有修改

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.1

`305`

`USE_PROXY`：使用代理

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.5

`307`

`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`：临时重定向

HTTP/1.1 [**RFC 7231**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html\], Section 6.4.7

`308`

`PERMANENT_REDIRECT`：永久重定向

Permanent Redirect [**RFC 7238**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7238.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7238.html\], Section 3 (Experimental)

`400`

`BAD_REQUEST`：错误请求

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.1

`401`

`UNAUTHORIZED`：未授权

HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.1

`402`

`PAYMENT_REQUIRED`：保留，将来使用

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.2

`403`

`FORBIDDEN`：禁止

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.3

`404`

`NOT_FOUND`：没有找到

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.4

`405`

`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`：该请求方法不允许

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.5

`406`

`NOT_ACCEPTABLE`：不可接受

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.6

`407`

`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`：要求使用代理验证身份

HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.1

`408`

`REQUEST_TIMEOUT`：请求超时

HTTP/1.1 [**RFC 7231**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231.html\], Section 6.5.7

`409`

`CONFLICT`：冲突

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.8

`410`

`GONE`：已经不在了

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.9

`411`

`LENGTH_REQUIRED`：长度要求

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.10

`412`

`PRECONDITION_FAILED`：前提条件错误

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.2

`413`

`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE`：请求体太大了

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.11

`414`

`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG`：请求URI太长了

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.12

`415`

`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`：不支持的媒体格式

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.13

`416`

`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE`

HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233, Section 4.4

`417`

`EXPECTATION_FAILED`：期望失败

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.14

`421`

`MISDIRECTED_REQUEST`

HTTP/2 [**RFC 7540**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540.html\], Section 9.1.2

`422`

`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`：可加工实体

WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.2

`423`

`LOCKED`：锁着

WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.3

`424`

`FAILED_DEPENDENCY`：失败的依赖

WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.4

`426`

`UPGRADE_REQUIRED`：升级需要

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.15

`428`

`PRECONDITION_REQUIRED`：先决条件要求

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585

`429`

`TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`：太多的请求

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585

`431`

`REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE`：请求头太大

Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585

`500`

`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`：内部服务错误

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.1

`501`

`NOT_IMPLEMENTED`：不可执行

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.2

`502`

`BAD_GATEWAY`：无效网关

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.3

`503`

`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`：服务不可用

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.4

`504`

`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`：网关超时

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.5

`505`

`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`：HTTP版本不支持

HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.6

`506`

`VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES`：服务器存在内部配置错误

透明内容协商在： HTTP [**RFC 2295**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2295.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2295.html\], Section 8.1 (实验性的)

`507`

`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`：存储不足

WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.5

`508`

`LOOP_DETECTED`：循环检测

WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.2 (Experimental)

`510`

`NOT_EXTENDED`：不扩展

WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.2 (Experimental)

`511`

`NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`：要求网络身份验证

Additional HTTP Status Codes [**RFC 6585**](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585.html) \[https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6585.html\], Section 6

为了保持向后兼容性，枚举值也以常量形式出现在 [`http.client`](http.client.xhtml#module-http.client "http.client: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).") 模块中，。 枚举名等于常量名 (例如 `http.HTTPStatus.OK` 也可以是 `http.client.OK`)。

在 3.7 版更改: 添加了 `421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST` 状态码。

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