of介词短语作定语_北京中考英语听说考12月21日开考:必备短语和句式快速get

2020年英语听说考首考将在2019年12月21日开始,距离现在已经只剩不到一个月的时间了。大禹未来教育,给大家分享下英语考试中常见的短语和固定句式,供参考!

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一、away的短语

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二、see sb. doing sth与 see sb. do sth

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三、live,lively,living,alive辨析

1.live读作【laiv】时,意为“活的”,或者“实况转播”,一般作定语,在句中一般只修饰物,不修饰人。

例如:Don't touch it. It's a live snake.

2.lively意为“生气勃勃的,(色彩)鲜艳的”,常作定语、表语或宾语补足语,既可指人,又可指物。

例如:The lecture is very lively.

3.living可作形容词,意为“活着的,现存的”,强调说明“健在”,常作表语或定语,多用于指物,也可指人。

例如:The old woman is still living.

4.alive意为“活着的”,侧重生与死之间的界限,常作表语、宾语补足语或后置定语,多用于指人,也可指物。

例如:She was alive when they took her to the hospital.

四、too much,too many,much too辨析

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五、一般现在时的被动语态

1. 被动语态的含义

英语中有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

例如:Many people speak English.

(主动语态,谓语speak这一动作是由many people来执行的)

English is spoken by many people.

(被动语态,主语English是speak这个动作的承受者)

2. 被动语态的构成

被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的be动词同样有时态、人称和数的变化。

3. 被动语态的用法

当说话者不知道动作的执行者或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,只需要强调动作的承受者,可以使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时一般用介词by引出。

例如:Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.

4. 一般现在时的被动语态

①一般现在时的被动语态的结构为:主语(动作承受者)+am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+动作执行者)+其他部分。助动词be随人称、数的变化而变化。

例如:The desk is made by him.

Bananas are produced in Hainan.

②主动语态变为被动语态时,要做如下变动:

step1:主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语;

step2:主动语态中的谓语动词变为被动语态中的谓语动词;

step3:主动语态中的主语变为介词“by”的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动语态中的谓语动词之后。若动词的执行者无须说明或不必强调时,by组成的短语可省略;

step4:主动语态变为被动语态时,时态要保持一致。

主动句:主语+谓语+宾语

Most middle school students play football.

被动句:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语

Football is played by most middle school students.

③一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化:

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六、一般过去时的 被动语态

1. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成

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2. 含有使役动词(make/let/have)或感官动词(hear/see等)的句子,在主动语态中这些动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补,但在被动语态中,to需要再加上。help在主动语态中to可加可不加,但被动语态中一定要加。

例如:The baby was made to laugh at last.

He was seen to run into the classroom by his classmates.

七、It is + 形容词 + to do sth.

1.It's + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth,意为“(对某人来说)做某事是...的”,其中it作形式主语,句子的真正主语是不定式短语to do。句中的形容词是描述动词不定式的,这类形容词有:important,necessary,easy,difficult等。

例如:It is hard for me to finish my homework today.

2.It's + 形容词 + of sb to do sth.意为“某人做某事是…的”,此句式中的形容词描述人的性格、品质的,这类形容词有:polite,nice,kind,good,friendly等。此句式可以改为sb. be +形容词+ to do sth.

例如:It is nice of you to help me.

You are nice to help me.

八、一般将来时的被动语态

1. 肯定句式

主语 + will/be going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)

例如:The apple trees will be planted by us tomorrow.

The sports meeting is going to be held next week.

2. 否定句式

主语 + will not/isn't going to/aren't going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(by+动作执行者)

例如:The apple trees will not be planted by us tomorrow.

The sports meeting isn't going to be held next week.

3. 一般疑问句式

Will + 主语 + be +及物动词的过去分词(by + 动作执行者)?

Is/Are + 主语 + going to + be + 及物动词的过去分词(by + 动作执行者)

例如:Will the apple trees be planted by us tomorrow?

Is the sports meeting going to be held next week?

九、which,who引导的定语从句

which引导的定语从句通常用来修饰物,which在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语时通常可省略。

例如:The building which is the oldest is our school. (作主语)

This is the book (which) you want.(作宾语)

The house (which) we live in is not large.(作宾语)

【注意】

1.介词后面的which不能省略。

例如:The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

在含有介词的动词词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前。例如:This is the watch which he is looking for.

2.who引导的定语从句用来修饰人,who在从句中作主语(口语中也可作宾语),作主语时不可省略,作宾语时通常可省略。

例如:This is the man who helped me.(作主语)

The boy (who) we saw yesterday is John’s brother.(作宾语)

【助记】定语从句的关系词

定语从句其奇妙,关系代(副)词来引导

物用 which人用who,人物均有that顾。

【拓展】当先行词是物时,我们可用which或that引导定语从句,但下列情况宜用that引导定语从句:

①先行词为all,few,little,much,the one,something,anything,everything,nothing等时。

例如:We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered animals and plants.

②先行词本身是形容词最高级、序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。

例如:This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

③当先行词既指人又指物时。

例如:Mary took photos of the things and people that she was interested in.

④先行词被 the only,the very,the last 等修饰时。

例如:This is the only paining in this style that we have.

⑤主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。

例如:Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?

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