python编写脚本将mqtt_python使用MQTT给硬件传输图片的实现方法

最近因需要用python写一个微服务来用MQTT给硬件传输图片，其中python用的是flask框架，大概流程如下：

协议为：

需要将图片数据封装成多个消息进行传输，每个消息传输的数据字节数为1400Byte。

消息(MQTT Payload) 格式：Web服务器-------->BASE：

反馈：BASE---------> Web服务器:

如果Web服务器发送完一个“数据传输消息”后，5S内没有收到MQTT“反馈消息”或者收到的反馈中显示“数据包不完整”，则重发该“数据传输消息”。

程序流程图

根据上面的协议，可以得到如下的流程图：

代码如下：

# encoding:utf-8

from flask import Flask, jsonify

from flask_restful import Api, Resource, reqparse

from PIL import Image

from io import BytesIO

import requests

import os, logging, time

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt

import struct

from flask_cors import *

# 日志配置信息

logging.basicConfig(

level=logging.INFO,

format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s (runing by %(funcName)s',

)

class Mqtt(object):

def __init__(self, img_data, size):

self.MQTTHOST = '*******'

self.MQTTPORT = "******"

# 订阅和发送的主题

self.topic_from_base = 'mqttTestSub'

self.topic_to_base = 'mqttTestPub'

self.client_id = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))

self.client = mqtt.Client(self.client_id)

# 完成链接后的回掉函数

self.client.on_connect = self.on_connect

# 图片大小

self.size = size

# 用于跳出死循环，结束任务

self.finished = None

# 包的编号

self.index = 0

# 将收到的图片数据按大小分成列表

self.image_data_list = [img_data[x:x + 1400] for x in range(0, self.size, 1400)]

# 记录发布后的数据，用于监控时延

self.pub_time = 0

self.header_to_base = 0xffffeeee

self.header_from_base = 0xeeeeffff

# 功能标识

self.function_begin = 0x01

self.function_doing = 0x02

self.function_finished = 0x03

# 包的完整和非完整状态

self.whole_package = 0x01

self.bad_package = 0x00

# 头信息的格式,小端模式

self.format_to_base = "

self.format_from_base = "

# 如果重发包时，用于检查是否重发第一个包

self.first = True

# 如果重发包时，用于检查是否重发最后一个包

self.last = False

self.begin_data = 'image.jpg;' + str(self.size)

# 链接mqtt服务器函数

def on_mqtt_connect(self):

self.client.connect(self.MQTTHOST, self.MQTTPORT, 60)

self.client.loop_start()

# 链接完成后的回调函数

def on_connect(self, client, userdata, flags, rc):

logging.info("+++ Connected with result code {} +++".format(str(rc)))

self.client.subscribe(self.topic_from_base)

# 订阅函数

def subscribe(self):

self.client.subscribe(self.topic_from_base, 1)

# 消息到来处理函数

self.client.on_message = self.on_message

# 接收到信息后的回调函数

def on_message(self, client, userdata, msg):

# 如果接受第一个包则不需要重发第一个

self.first = False

# 将接受到的包进行解压，得到一个元组

base_tuple = struct.unpack(self.format_from_base, msg.payload)

logging.info("+++ imageData's letgth is {}, base_tupe is {} +++".format(self.size, base_tuple))

logging.info("+++ package_number is {}, package_status_from_base is {} +++"

.format(base_tuple[2], base_tuple[3]))

# 检查接受到信息的头部是否正确

if base_tuple[0] == self.header_from_base:

logging.info("+++ function_from_base is {} +++".format(base_tuple[1]))

# 是否完成传输，如果完成则退出

if base_tuple[1] == self.function_finished:

logging.info("+++ finish work +++")

self.finished = 1

self.client.disconnect()

else:

# 是否是最后一个包

if self.index == len(self.image_data_list) - 1:

self.publish('finished', self.function_finished)

self.last = True

logging.info("+++ finished_data_to_base is finished+++")

else:

# 如果接收到的包不是 0x03则进行传送数据

if base_tuple[1] == self.function_begin or base_tuple[1] == self.function_doing:

logging.info("+++ package_number is {}, package_status_from_base is {} +++"

.format(base_tuple[2],base_tuple[3]))

# 如果数据的反馈中，包的状态是1则继续发下一个包

if base_tuple[3] == self.whole_package:

self.publish(self.index, self.function_doing)

logging.info("+++ data_to_base is finished+++")

self.index += 1

# 如果数据的反馈中，包的状态是0则重发数据包

elif base_tuple[3] == self.bad_package:

re_package_number = base_tuple[2]

self.publish(re_package_number-1, self.function_doing)

logging.info("+++ re_data_to_base is finished+++")

else:

logging.info("+++ package_status_from_base is not 0 or 1 +++")

self.client.disconnect()

else:

logging.info("+++ function_identifier is illegal +++")

self.client.disconnect()

else:

logging.info("+++ header_from_base is illegal +++")

self.client.disconnect()

# 数据发送函数

def publish(self, index, fuc):

# 看是否是最后一个包

if index == 'finished':

length = 0

package_number = 0

data = b''

else:

length = len(self.image_data_list[index])

package_number = index

data = self.image_data_list[index]

# 打包数据头信息

buffer = struct.pack(

self.format_to_base,

self.header_to_base,

fuc,

package_number,

length

)

to_base_data = buffer + data

# mqtt发送

self.client.publish(

self.topic_to_base,

to_base_data

)

self.pub_time = time.time()

# 发送第一个包函数

def publish_begin(self):

buffer = struct.pack(

self.format_to_base,

self.header_to_base,

self.function_begin,

0,

len(self.begin_data.encode('utf-8')),

)

begin_data = buffer + self.begin_data.encode('utf-8')

self.client.publish(self.topic_to_base, begin_data)

# 控制函数

def control(self):

self.on_mqtt_connect()

self.publish_begin()

begin_time = time.time()

self.pub_time = time.time()

self.subscribe()

while True:

time.sleep(1)

# 超过5秒重传

date = time.time() - self.pub_time

if date > 5:

# 是否重传第一个包

if self.first == True:

self.publish_begin()

logging.info('+++ this is timeout first_data +++')

# 是否重传最后一个包

elif self.last == True:

self.publish('finished', self.function_finished)

logging.info('+++ this is timeout last_data +++')

else:

self.publish(self.index-1, self.function_doing)

logging.info('+++ this is timeout middle_data +++')

if self.finished == 1:

logging.info('+++ all works is finished+++')

break

print(str(time.time()-begin_time) + 'begin_time - end_time')

app = Flask(__name__)

api = Api(app)

CORS(app, supports_credentials=True)

# 接受参数

parser = reqparse.RequestParser()

parser.add_argument('url', help='mqttImage url', location='args', type=str)

class GetImage(Resource):

# 得到参数并从图床下载到本地

def get(self):

args = parser.parse_args()

url = args.get('url')

response = requests.get(url)

# 获取图片

image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.content))

# 存取图片

add = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(''), 'image.jpg')

image.save(add)

# 得到图片大小

size = os.path.getsize(add)

f = open(add, 'rb')

imageData = f.read()

f.close()

# 进行mqtt传输

mqtt = Mqtt(imageData, size)

mqtt.control()

# 删除文件

os.remove(add)

logging.info('*** the result of control is {} ***'.format(1))

return jsonify({

"imageData": 1

})

api.add_resource(GetImage, '/image')

if __name__ == '__main__':

app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0')

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的python使用MQTT给硬件传输图片的实现方法,希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对脚本之家网站的支持！

如果你觉得本文对你有帮助，欢迎转载，烦请注明出处，谢谢！