通过python操作HDFS有非常好用的模块hdfs3 ，其底层依赖c++模块libhdfs3，起初libhdfs3不支持acl权限校验对于设置了acl权限的目录和文件会报NOTFOUND错误(现已解决，可见libhdfs3-downstream )
起初想过通过python调用java的hadoop jar包来解决这个问题，对其做出了部分尝试，但是卡在了获取文件输入输出流，没有很好的解决办法。就当python调用java包的一次尝试吧。
通过python操作java的jar包有很多方案，这里我们介绍两种，jpype和py4j。两者都能够让python代码方便的调用java代码，从而帮助我们解决python在某些领域遇到的问题。
两者相比较而言py4j会比较强一点，因为jpype的作者不搞jpype了，说jpype底层设计就有一些问题，懒得从头再改，反而弄了个py4j。。。而且py4j的社区比较活跃，毕竟pyspark就使用的py4j，经过了市场的考验。但是我们今天讲的是jpype。。关于py4j的相关信息大家可以看其官网 。
安装jpype
我机器安装了anaconda2，通过conda进行安装命令如下：
conda install -c conda-forge jpype1
其他安装方式见文档 。
简单示例(调用JDK系统库)
import jpype
from jpype import *
if __name__ == "__main__":
startJVM(jpype.getDefaultJVMPath())
java.lang.System.out.println("Hello World")
shutdownJVM()
关键的操作其实很简单，首先启动一个jvm，然后就可以引用相关的java方法了，然后使用完毕之后记得关闭jvm。py4j与之不同的是py4j不会帮你启动一个jvm，需要自己写java代码实现GatewayServer。
通过jpype操作HDFS
我们本意是想通过python调用Hadoop的java client来达到我们使用python去操作HDFS的目的。我们的实现步骤如下：
首先我们要开发一个java程序，在其内部封装一些常用的HDFS操作
通过jpype加载第三方jar包，封装python调用java的方法
引入我们封装的python的模块，即可愉快的操作HDFS
封装一个HDFS操作jar
首先，在pom.xml里面引入相关依赖及plugin。这里需要注意的是，我们要打包一个jar-with-dependencies，这样便于我们通过jpype加载jar包的操作。
org.apache.hadoop
hadoop-common
2.7.3
org.apache.hadoop
hadoop-hdfs
2.7.3
maven-assembly-plugin
jar-with-dependencies
make-assembly
package
single
然后我们新建一个HdfsFileSystem的类，里面实现一些简单的操作，比如copyFromLocal，mkdir等等
package com.imooc.bigdata.python.hdfs;
import static org.apache.hadoop.fs.CommonConfigurationKeysPublic.HADOOP_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.BlockLocation;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.ContentSummary;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileChecksum;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FsStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.AclEntry;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.AclStatus;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.permission.FsPermission;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.AuthenticationMethod;
/**
* Created by jixin on 18-6-10.
*/
public class HdfsFileSystem {
private UserGroupInformation ugi;
private FileSystem fileSystem = null;
private long lastLoginCheck = System.currentTimeMillis();
private long maxCheckInterval = 10 * 60 * 1000;
/**
* HdfsFileSystem.
*/
public HdfsFileSystem(String hadoopHome, String kerberosConf, String userName,
String keytabPath, String hadoopUri) {
System.setProperty("hadoop.home.dir", hadoopHome);
System.setProperty("java.security.krb5.conf", kerberosConf);
try {
Configuration ugiConf = new Configuration();
ugiConf.set(HADOOP_SECURITY_AUTHENTICATION, AuthenticationMethod.KERBEROS.name());
UserGroupInformation.setConfiguration(ugiConf);
ugi = UserGroupInformation.loginUserFromKeytabAndReturnUGI(userName, keytabPath);
fileSystem = doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction() {
@Override
public FileSystem run() throws Exception {
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
String coreSite = hadoopHome + "/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml";
String hdfsSite = hadoopHome + "/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml";
conf.addResource(new Path(coreSite));
conf.addResource(new Path(hdfsSite));
conf.set("fs.hdfs.impl", "org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DistributedFileSystem");
return FileSystem.get(new URI(hadoopUri), conf);
}
});
} catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public FileStatus[] listStatus(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.listStatus(new Path(path));
}
public boolean mkdirs(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.mkdirs(new Path(path));
}
public boolean mkdirs(String path, String mode) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.mkdirs(new Path(path), new FsPermission(mode));
}
public FSDataInputStream open(String path, String fileContent, int bufferSize) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.open(new Path(path), bufferSize);
}
public FSDataOutputStream create(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.create(new Path(path));
}
public FSDataOutputStream create(String path, boolean overwrite) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.create(new Path(path), overwrite);
}
public FSDataOutputStream create(String path, int replication) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.create(new Path(path), (short) replication);
}
public FSDataOutputStream create(String path, boolean overwrite, int bufferSize)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.create(new Path(path), overwrite, bufferSize);
}
public FSDataOutputStream create(String path, boolean overwrite, int bufferSize, int replication,
long blockSize) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.create(new Path(path), overwrite, bufferSize, (short) replication, blockSize);
}
public boolean setReplication(String path, int replication) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.setReplication(new Path(path), (short) replication);
}
public boolean delete(String path, boolean recursive) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.delete(new Path(path), recursive);
}
public ContentSummary getContentSummary(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.getContentSummary(new Path(path));
}
public void copyFromLocalFile(String src, String dst) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.copyFromLocalFile(new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public void copyFromLocalFile(boolean delSrc, String src, String dst) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.copyFromLocalFile(delSrc, new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public void copyFromLocalFile(boolean delSrc, boolean overwrite, String src, String dst)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.copyFromLocalFile(delSrc, overwrite, new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public void copyToLocalFile(String src, String dst) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.copyToLocalFile(new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public void copyToLocalFile(boolean delSrc, String src, String dst) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.copyToLocalFile(delSrc, new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public void copyToLocalFile(boolean delSrc, String src, String dst, boolean useRawLocalFileSystem)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.copyToLocalFile(delSrc, new Path(src), new Path(dst), useRawLocalFileSystem);
}
public void moveFromLocalFile(String src, String dst) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.moveFromLocalFile(new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public void moveToLocalFile(String src, String dst)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.moveToLocalFile(new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public boolean exists(String path)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.exists(new Path(path));
}
public boolean isDirectory(String path)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.isDirectory(new Path(path));
}
public boolean isFile(String path)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.isFile(new Path(path));
}
public boolean rename(String src, String dst)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.rename(new Path(src), new Path(dst));
}
public FileStatus[] globStatus(String pathPattern)
throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.globStatus(new Path(pathPattern));
}
public FsStatus getStatus(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.getStatus(new Path(path));
}
public FileStatus getFileStatus(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.getFileStatus(new Path(path));
}
public void setPermission(String path, String mode) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.setPermission(new Path(path), new FsPermission(mode));
}
public void setOwner(String path, String userName, String groupName) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.setOwner(new Path(path), userName, groupName);
}
public AclStatus getAclStatus(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem.getAclStatus(new Path(path));
}
public void removeDefaultAcl(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.removeDefaultAcl(new Path(path));
}
public void removeAcl(String path) throws IOException {
this.checkLogin();
fileSystem.removeAcl(new Path(path));
}
public FileSystem getFileSystem() {
try {
this.checkLogin();
return fileSystem;
} catch (IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private T doPrivileged(PrivilegedExceptionAction action)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
if (ugi == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("hdfs login error");
}
try {
ugi.checkTGTAndReloginFromKeytab();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("hdfs login error");
}
return ugi.doAs(action);
}
private synchronized void checkLogin() throws IOException {
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
long interval = now - this.lastLoginCheck;
if (interval > this.maxCheckInterval) {
this.ugi.checkTGTAndReloginFromKeytab();
this.lastLoginCheck = now;
}
}
}
封装python模块
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from jpype import *
class HDFileSystem():
# 初始化jvm and kerberos认证
def __init__(self, user_name, keytab_path, hadoop_home, kerberos_conf='/etc/krb5.conf',
hdfs_uri='hdfs://namenode-1:9000'):
java_hdfs_conf = "-Djava.class.path={0}".format('dependencies/hdfs-python.jar')
startJVM(getDefaultJVMPath(), "-ea", java_hdfs_conf)
java_hdfs_class = JClass('com.hfmlog.gavial.python.hdfs.HdfsFileSystem')
self.filesystem = java_hdfs_class(hadoop_home, kerberos_conf, user_name, keytab_path, hdfs_uri)
# 其他操作的封装
def isdir(self, path):
return self.filesystem.isDirectory(path)
def isfile(self, path):
return self.filesystem.isFile(path)
def glob(self, path):
return self.filesystem.globStatus(path)
def ls(self, path):
return self.filesystem.listStatus(path)
def mkdir(self, path):
return self.filesystem.mkdirs(path)
def makedirs(self, path, mode="755"):
return self.filesystem.mkdirs(path)
def set_replication(self, path, replication):
return self.filesystem.setReplication(path, replication)
def mv(self, path1, path2):
return self.filesystem.rename(path1, path2)
def rm(self, path, recursive=True):
return self.filesystem.delete(path, recursive)
def exists(self, path):
return self.filesystem.exists(path)
def chmod(self, path, mode):
self.filesystem.setPermission(path, mode)
def chown(self, path, owner, group):
self.filesystem.setOwner(path, owner, group)
def get(self, src, dst, del_src=False):
self.filesystem.copyToLocalFile(del_src, src, dst)
def put(self, src, dst, del_src=False, overwrite=True):
self.filesystem.copyFromLocalFile(del_src, src, dst, overwrite)
def create(self, path, overwrite=True, replication=0, buff=0, block_size=0):
pass
def read(self, path, buff=1024):
pass
# 释放资源，终止jvm
def __del__(self):
shutdownJVM()
由上面代码可见，我们通过jpype加载第三方模块的时候需要启动jvm时传递-Djava.class.path=参数。
from jpype import *
if __name__ == "__main__":
jars = ["/home/hadoop/JpypeTest.jar"]
jvm_path = getDefaultJVMPath()
jvm_cp = "-Djava.class.path={}".format(":".join(jars))
startJVM(jvm_path, jvm_cp)
# 获取 Main 类
Main = JClass("com.imooc.bigdata.demo.JpypeTest")
# 执行 main 函数,注意参数是 String[] args
Main.main([])
shutdownJVM()
测试
from hdfs import HDFileSystem
client = HDFileSystem(self.principal, self.keytab_file,self.hadoop_home, self._krb5conf,self._hdfs_uri)
client.exists('/tmp/test')
client.isdir('/tmp')
client.isfile('/tmp/test')
看到这，是不是想用py4j搞个大新闻了呢？
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