python数据平滑处理 wsz_python 数据可视化 -- 真实数据的噪声平滑处理

平滑数据噪声的一个简单朴素的做法是，对窗口(样本)求平均，然后仅仅绘制出给定窗口的平均值，而不是所有的数据点。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

def moving_average(interval, window_size):

window = np.ones(int(window_size)) / float(window_size)

return np.convolve(interval, window, 'same')

t = np.linspace(start = -4, stop = 4, num = 100)

y = np.sin(t) + np.random.randn(len(t)) * 0.1

y_av = moving_average(interval = y, window_size = 10)

plt.plot(t, y, "b.-", t, y_av, "r.-")

plt.xlabel('Time')

plt.ylabel('Value')

plt.legend(['original data', 'smooth data'])

plt.grid(True)

plt.show()

以下方法是基于信号(数据点)窗口的卷积(函数的总和)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

WINDOWS = ['flat', 'hanning', 'hamming', 'bartlett', 'blackman']

def smooth(x, window_len = 11, window = 'hanning'):

if x.ndim != 1:

raise ValueError('smooth only accepts 1 dimension arrays.')

if x.size < window_len:

raise ValueError('Input vector needs to be bigger than window size.')

if window_len < 3:

return x

if not window in WINDOWS:

raise ValueError('Window is one of "flat", "hanning", "hamming", "bartlett", "blackman"')

s = np.r_[x[window_len-1:0:-1], x, x[-1:-window_len:-1]]

if window == 'flat':

w = np.ones(window_len, 'd')

else:

w = eval('np.' + window + '(window_len)')

y = np.convolve(w/w.sum(), s, mode='valid')

return y

t = np.linspace(-4, 4, 100)

x = np.sin(t)

xn = x + np.random.randn(len(t))*0.1

y = smooth(x)

ws = 31

plt.figure()

plt.subplot(211)

plt.plot(np.ones(ws))

for w in WINDOWS[1:]:

eval('plt.plot(np.' + w + '(ws))')

plt.axis([0, 30, 0, 1.1])

plt.legend(WINDOWS)

plt.title('Smoothing windows')

plt.subplot(212)

plt.plot(x)

plt.plot(xn)

for w in WINDOWS:

plt.plot(smooth(xn, 10, w))

l = ['original signal', 'signal with noise']

l.extend(WINDOWS)

plt.legend(l)

plt.title('Smoothed signal')

plt.show()

中值过滤，即逐项的遍历信号，并用相邻信号项中的中值替代当前项

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

import scipy.signal as signal

x = np.linspace(start=0, stop=1, num=101)

x[3::10] = 1.5

print(x)

plt.plot(x, 'k.')

plt.plot(signal.medfilt(x,3))

plt.plot(signal.medfilt(x,15))

plt.legend(['original signal', 'length 3', 'length 15'])

plt.show()

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