django http 收发_Django接收自定义http header(转)

add by zhj: Django将所有http header(包括你自定义的http header)都放在了HttpRequest.META这个Python标准字典中，当然HttpRequest.META

中还包含其它一些键值对，这些键值对是Django加进去的，如SERVER_PORT等。对于http header，Django进行了重命名，规则如下

(1) 所有header名大写，将连接符“-”改为下划线“_”

(2) 除CONTENT_TYPE和CONTENT_LENGTH，其它的header名称前加“HTTP_”前缀

我个人比较喜欢跟踪源代码来查看，源代码如下，

classWSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):

server_version= "WSGIServer/" + __version__

defget_environ(self):

env=self.server.base_environ.copy()

env['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] =self.request_version

env['REQUEST_METHOD'] =self.commandif '?' inself.path:

path,query= self.path.split('?',1)else:

path,query= self.path,''env['PATH_INFO'] =urllib.unquote(path)

env['QUERY_STRING'] =query

host=self.address_string()if host !=self.client_address[0]:

env['REMOTE_HOST'] =host

env['REMOTE_ADDR'] =self.client_address[0]if self.headers.typeheader isNone:

env['CONTENT_TYPE'] =self.headers.typeelse:

env['CONTENT_TYPE'] =self.headers.typeheader

length= self.headers.getheader('content-length')iflength:

env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] =lengthfor h inself.headers.headers:

k,v= h.split(':',1)

k=k.replace('-','_').upper(); v=v.strip()if k inenv:continue #skip content length, type,etc.

if 'HTTP_'+k inenv:

env['HTTP_'+k] += ','+v #comma-separate multiple headers

else:

env['HTTP_'+k] =vreturnenvdefget_stderr(self):returnsys.stderrdefhandle(self):"""Handle a single HTTP request"""self.raw_requestline=self.rfile.readline()if not self.parse_request(): #An error code has been sent, just exit

returnhandler=ServerHandler(

self.rfile, self.wfile, self.get_stderr(), self.get_environ()

)

handler.request_handler= self #backpointer for logging

handler.run(self.server.get_app())

classWSGIRequest(http.HttpRequest):def __init__(self, environ):

script_name=base.get_script_name(environ)

path_info=base.get_path_info(environ)if notpath_info:#Sometimes PATH_INFO exists, but is empty (e.g. accessing

#the SCRIPT_NAME URL without a trailing slash). We really need to

#operate as if they'd requested '/'. Not amazingly nice to force

#the path like this, but should be harmless.

path_info = '/'self.environ=environ

self.path_info=path_info

self.path= '%s/%s' % (script_name.rstrip('/'), path_info.lstrip('/'))

self.META=environ

self.META['PATH_INFO'] =path_info

self.META['SCRIPT_NAME'] =script_name

self.method= environ['REQUEST_METHOD'].upper()

_, content_params= self._parse_content_type(self.META.get('CONTENT_TYPE', ''))if 'charset' incontent_params:try:

codecs.lookup(content_params['charset'])exceptLookupError:pass

else:

self.encoding= content_params['charset']

self._post_parse_error=Falsetry:

content_length= int(self.environ.get('CONTENT_LENGTH'))except(ValueError, TypeError):

content_length=0

self._stream= LimitedStream(self.environ['wsgi.input'], content_length)

self._read_started=False

self.resolver_match= None

WSGIRequest类实例化方法__init__(self,environ)中第二个参数就是WSGIRequestHandler.get_environ()方法返回的数据

WSGIRequest.META在environ的基础上加了一些键值对

用Django做后台，客户端向Django请求数据，为了区分不同的请求，想把每个请求类别加在HTTP头部(headers)里面。

先做实验，就用Python的httplib库来做模拟客户端，参考网上写出模拟代码如下：

#coding=utf8

importhttplib

httpClient=Nonetry:

myheaders= { "category": "Books","id": "21",'My-Agent': "Super brower"}

httpClient= httplib.HTTPConnection('10.14.1XX.XXX',8086,timeout=30)

httpClient.request('GET','/headinfo/',headers=myheaders)

response=httpClient.getresponse()printresponse.statusprintresponse.reasonprintresponse.read()exceptException, e:printefinally:ifhttpClient:

httpClient.close()

其中'/headinfo/'为服务器的响应目录。

然后是服务端的响应代码，《The Django Book》第七章有个获取META的例子：

#GOOD (VERSION 2)

defua_display_good2(request):

ua= request.META.get('HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'unknown')return HttpResponse("Your browser is %s" % ua)

正好看过这个例子，就模拟上面的这个写了一个能够返回客户端自定义头部的模块：

from django.http importHttpResponsedefheadinfo(request):

category= request.META.get('CATEGORY', 'unkown')

id= request.META.get('ID','unkown')

agent= request.META.get('MY-AGENT','unkown')

html= "

Category is %s, id is %s, agent is %s" %(category, id, agent)return HttpResponse(html)

运行结果如下：

$python get.py#输出:#200#OK#

Category is unkown, id is unkown, agent is unkown

可以看到服务器成功响应了，但是却没有返回自定义的内容。

我以为是客户端模拟headers出问题了，查找和试验了许多次都没有返回正确的结果。后来去查Django的文档，发现了相关的描述：

HttpRequest.METAA standard Python dictionary containing all available HTTP headers. Available headers depend on the client and server, but here are some examples:

CONTENT_LENGTH – the length of the request body (as a string).

CONTENT_TYPE – the MIME type of the request body.

HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING – Acceptable encodings for the response.

HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE – Acceptable languages for the response.

HTTP_HOST – The HTTP Host header sent by the client.

HTTP_REFERER – The referring page, if any.

HTTP_USER_AGENT – The client’s user-agent string.

QUERY_STRING – The query string, as a single (unparsed) string.

REMOTE_ADDR – The IP address of the client.

REMOTE_HOST – The hostname of the client.

REMOTE_USER – The user authenticated by the Web server, if any.

REQUEST_METHOD – A string such as "GET" or "POST".

SERVER_NAME – The hostname of the server.

SERVER_PORT – The port of the server (as a string).

With the exception of CONTENT_LENGTH and CONTENT_TYPE, as given above, any HTTP headers in the request are converted toMETA keys by converting all characters to uppercase, replacing any hyphens with underscores and adding an HTTP_prefix to the name. So, for example, a header called X-Benderwould be mapped to the METAkey HTTP_X_BENDER.

其中红色的部分说明是说除了两个特例之外，其他的头部在META字典中的key值都会被加上“HTTP_”的前缀，终于找到问题所在了，赶紧修改服务端代码：

category = request.META.get('HTTP_CATEGORY', 'unkown')

id= request.META.get('HTTP_ID','unkown')

果然，执行后返回了想要的结果：

$python get.py#正确的输出：#200#OK#

Category is Books, id is 21, agent is Super brower

得到的经验就是遇到问题要多查文档，搜索引擎并不一定比文档更高效。