java 注解元数据,Java 注解(Annotations) 详解

注解是元数据

注解是一种装饰器、一个标记(maker)，应用于Java的各种结构之上，例如类、方法、字段。用来为这些结构绑定元数据。注解不包含任何业务逻辑。

只由运行时框架或编译器根据注解信息去执行具体行为。

Retention and Target

保留(Retention )策略指定就程序生命周期而言，注释应该保留多长时间(一个)

目标(Target)指定注解可以应用于哪些Java结构 (多个)

自定义annotation@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

@Target(ElementType.FIELD)

public @interface JsonField {

public String value() default "";

}public class Car {

@JsonField("manufacturer")

private final String make;

@JsonField

private final String model;

private final String year;

public Car(String make, String model, String year) {

this.make = make;

this.model = model;

this.year = year;

}

## get and set method

@Override

public String toString() {

return year + " " + make + " " + model;

}

}

利用反射机制执行具体行为public class JsonSerializer {

public String serialize(Object object) throws JsonSerializeException {

try {

Class> objectClass = requireNonNull(object).getClass();

Map jsonElements = new HashMap<>();

for (Field field: objectClass.getDeclaredFields()) {

field.setAccessible(true);

if (field.isAnnotationPresent(JsonField.class)) {

jsonElements.put(getSerializedKey(field), (String)field.get(object));

}

}

System.out.println(toJsonString(jsonElements));

return toJsonString(jsonElements);

} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

throw new JsonSerializeException(e.getMessage());

}

}

private String toJsonString(Map jsonMap) {

String elementsString = jsonMap.entrySet()

.stream()

.map(entry -> "\"" + entry.getKey() + "\":\"" + entry.getValue() + "\"")

.collect(Collectors.joining(","));

return "{" + elementsString + "}";

}

private String getSerializedKey(Field field) {

String annotationValue = field.getAnnotation(JsonField.class).value();

if (annotationValue.isEmpty()) {

return field.getName();

} else {

return annotationValue;

}

}

}Car car = new Car("Ford", "F150", "2018");

JsonSerializer serializer = new JsonSerializer();

serializer.serialize(car);

# output

# {"model":"F150","manufacturer":"Ford"}