linux循环扫描文件,[17]shell中for-loop[案例有文档扫描、备份文件、打印棋盘]

一，For Loop

1，循环的定义：计算机可以重复一而再，再而三的执行特定的指令，直到给定的条件满足为止，重复执行的这一组指令就叫做loop

2，Bash中支持

for loop

while loop

注：每个循环使用时，首先，用在循环中的变量必须要在循环前初始化。对每次循环都需要对条件做测试。在循环体 中执行一次需要对循环测试条件值修改。

3，for loop

语法

for  变量名  in 列表

do

循环体

done

4，列表就是一个集合，集合又空格间隔，可以是以下的几种：

数字/字符集合

1  2  5 7 9

{1..254}

文件集合

/etc/*.conf

指令结果的集合

$(  find /etc/ -perm -003  )

5，

[root@rhel rc3.d]# echo "file "{1,2,3,4,5,6}

file 1 file 2 file 3 file 4 file 5 file 6

[root@rhel rc3.d]#

6，for loop 实例一

[root@rhel helinbash]# touch file{1,2,3,4,5}

[root@rhel helinbash]# ls

99           file2  file5       menu2.sh     testparam.sh   welcome.sh

changdir.sh  file3  forloop.sh  menu.sh      testserver.sh

file1        file4  input.sh    readable.sh  truefalse.sh

[root@rhel helinbash]# ls file*

file1  file2  file3  file4  file5

[root@rhel helinbash]# chmod a+x forloop.sh

[root@rhel helinbash]# vim forloop.sh

[root@rhel helinbash]# ./forloop.sh

You are going to remove the file1

You are going to remove the file2

You are going to remove the file3

You are going to remove the file5

[root@rhel helinbash]# ls file*

file4

[root@rhel helinbash]# cat forloop.sh

#!/bin/bash

7，for FILENAME  in file1 file2 file3 file5

do

echo "You are going to remove the $FILENAME"

rm  $FILENAME -f

done

[root@rhel helinbash]#

8，for loop实例二

[root@rhel helinbash]# echo 172.24.0.{1..10}

172.24.0.1 172.24.0.2 172.24.0.3 172.24.0.4 172.24.0.5 172.24.0.6 172.24.0.7 172.24.0.8 172.24.0.9 172.24.0.10

[root@rhel helinbash]#

[root@rhel helinbash]# ./firewall.sh

[root@rhel helinbash]# cat /root/setfirewall.sh

#!/bin/bash

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.1 -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.2 -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.3 -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.4 -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.5 -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.6 -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.7 -j ACCEPT

[root@rhel helinbash]# cat firewall.sh

#!/bin/bash

DST_FILENAME=/root/setfirewall.sh

echo "#!/bin/bash" > $DST_FILENAME

for IP  in  {1..254}

do

echo "iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -s 172.24.0.$IP -j ACCEPT " >> $DST_FILENAME

done

chmod a+x $DST_FILENAME

[root@rhel helinbash]#

dirname是文件之前的所有文件夹。

[root@rhel ~]# dirname /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts

[root@rhel ~]#

basename得到是文件的最后的文件名的一部分

[root@rhel ~]# basename /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

ifcfg-eth0

[root@rhel ~]#

9，备份文件

(1)，

[root@rhel helinshell]# ./backup_conf.sh

backing up the file ----&gt /etc/autofs_ldap_auth.conf

`/etc/autofs_ldap_auth.conf' -> `/var/tmp/autofs_ldap_auth.conf.2014-05-24'

Finished backup ----&gt /etc/autofs_ldap_auth.conf

backing up the file ----&gt /etc/capi.conf

`/etc/capi.conf' -> `/var/tmp/capi.conf.2014-05-24'

Finished backup ----&gt /etc/capi.conf

backing up the file ----&gt /etc/cdrecord.conf

`/etc/cdrecord.conf' -> `/var/tmp/cdrecord.conf.2014-05-24'

Finished backup ----&gt /etc/cdrecord.conf

[root@rhel helinshell]# cat backup_conf.sh

#!/bin/bash

DST_DIR=/var/tmp

DATE_SUFFIX=$(date +%F)

for FILENAME in /etc/*.conf

do

echo "backing up the file ----&gt $FILENAME"

TMPFILE=$(basename $FILENAME)

cp -v $FILENAME $DST_DIR/$TMPFILE.$DATE_SUFFIX

echo "Finished backup ----&gt $FILENAME"

done

[root@rhel helinshell]#

(2)，测试

[root@rhel tmp]# ls

autofs_ldap_auth.conf.2014-05-24  modprobe.conf.2014-05-24

capi.conf.2014-05-24              mtools.conf.2014-05-24

cdrecord.conf.2014-05-24          multipath.conf.2014-05-24

conman.conf.2014-05-24            named.caching-nameserver.conf.2014-05-24

dhcp6c.conf.2014-05-24            nscd.conf.2014-05-24

dnsmasq.conf.2014-05-24           nsswitch.conf.2014-05-24

esd.conf.2014-05-24               ntp.conf.2014-05-24

gpm-root.conf.2014-05-24          pam_smb.conf.2014-05-24

grub.conf.2014-05-24              prelink.conf.2014-05-24

gssapi_mech.conf.2014-05-24       reader.conf.2014-05-24

host.conf.2014-05-24              resolv.conf.2014-05-24

10，实例四

(1)，配置文件

[root@rhel helinshell]# vim /etc/testservers.conf

[root@rhel helinshell]# cat /etc/testservers.conf

# This file is the host

#172.24.254.254

192.168.1.1

# FTP server

192.168.2.2

127.0.0.1

[root@rhel helinshell]#

(2)，

[root@rhel tmp]# cat /etc/testservers.conf | grep -Ev '^(#)'

192.168.1.1

192.168.2.2

127.0.0.1

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@rhel tmp]#

(3)，

[root@rhel tmp]# cat /etc/testservers.conf | grep -Ev '^(#|$)'

192.168.1.1

192.168.2.2

127.0.0.1

[root@rhel tmp]#

[root@rhel helinshell]# ./testservers.sh

192.168.1.1 is down

192.168.2.2 is down

127.0.0.1 is online

[root@rhel helinshell]#

[root@rhel helinshell]# cat testservers.sh

#!/bin/bash

for IP in $(cat /etc/testservers.conf | grep -Ev '^(#|$)')

do

######################### test a host #########################

##################################################

#IP=$1

ping $IP -c2 &> /dev/null

RES=$?

if [ $RES -eq 0 ] ; then

echo "$IP is online"

else

echo "$IP is down"

fi

#####################################################

done

[root@rhel helinshell]#

二，文档全文搜索

1，

[root@rhel helinshell]# vim fullsearch.sh

[root@rhel helinshell]# chmod  a+x fullsearch.sher

chmod: cannot access `fullsearch.sher': No such file or directory

[root@rhel helinshell]# chmod  a+x fullsearch.sh

[root@rhel helinshell]# ./fullsearch.sh

Usage: ./fullsearch.sh

[root@rhel helinshell]# ./fullsearch.sh root /etc

find: root: No such file or directory

[root@rhel helinshell]# ./fullsearch.sh  /etc root

The file ---&gt /etc/ldap.conf has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/vsftpd/user_list has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/dnsmasq.conf has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/rpm/macros.jpackage has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/kshell has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/eklogin has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/krb5-telnet has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/klogin has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/swat has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/rsync has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/gssftp has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/ekrb5-telnet has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/tcpmux-server has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/tftp has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/xinetd.d/rmcp has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/dbus-1/system.d/wpa_supplicant.conf has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/dbus-1/system.d/nm-system-settings.conf has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/dbus-1/system.d/bluez-hcid.conf has the keyword

The file ---&gt /etc/dbus-1/system.d/hal.conf has the keyword

2，

[root@rhel helinshell]# cat fullsearch.sh

#!/bin/bash

if [ $# -eq 2  ] ; then

DIR=$1

KEYWORD=$2

for FILENAME  in $(find $DIR -type f)

do

if grep $KEYWORD $FILENAME &> /dev/null ; then

echo "The file ---&gt $FILENAME has the keyword"

#else

fi

done

else

echo  "Usage: $0 "

fi

[root@rhel helinshell]#

三，九九乘法表

[root@rhel helinshell]# vim 9X9.sh

[root@rhel helinshell]# ./9X9.sh

1 * 1 = 1

1 * 2 = 2

1 * 3 = 3

1 * 4 = 4

1 * 5 = 5

1 * 6 = 6

1 * 7 = 7

1 * 8 = 8

1 * 9 = 9

2 * 1 = 2

2 * 2 = 4

2 * 3 = 6

2 * 4 = 8

2 * 5 = 10

2 * 6 = 12

2 * 7 = 14

2 * 8 = 16

2 * 9 = 18

3 * 1 = 3

[root@rhel helinshell]# cat 9X9.sh

#!/bin/bash

for A in {1..9}

do

##################################

for  B   in  {1..9}

do

RES=$(expr $A \* $B)

echo "$A * $B = $RES"

done

##################################

done

[root@rhel helinshell]#

四，打印棋盘

[root@rhel helinshell]# cat chess.sh

#!/bin/bash

for ROW  in {1..9}

do

##########################

for COL in {1..9}

do

POS=$(expr $ROW + $COL)

RES=$(expr $POS % 2)

if [ $RES -eq 0 ] ; then

##################### white block ############

echo -en "\033[30;40m \033[0m"

else

##################### black block ############

echo -en "\033[37;47m \033[0m"

fi

done

###################### new line ##############

echo ""

done

[root@rhel helinshell]#