python 嵌套字典 初始化_如何在Python中初始化嵌套字典

我使用的是Python v2.7字典，它们彼此嵌套如下：def example(format_str, year, value):

format_to_year_to_value_dict = {}

# In the actual code there are many format_str and year values,

# not just the one inserted here.

if not format_str in format_to_year_to_value_dict:

format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str] = {}

format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str][year] = value

在插入到二级词典之前，用空词典初始化一级词典似乎有点笨拙。有没有办法在第一级创建字典的同时设置一个值，如果还没有字典的话？我想这样可以避免条件初始值设定项：def example(format_str, year, value):

format_to_year_to_value_dict = {}

add_dict_value(format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str], year, value)

另外，如果内部dict本身应该初始化为一个列表呢？def example(format_str, year, value):

format_to_year_to_value_dict = {}

# In the actual code there are many format_str and year values,

# not just the one inserted here.

if not format_str in format_to_year_to_value_dict:

format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str] = {}

if not year in format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str]:

format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str][year] = []

format_to_year_to_value_dict[format_str][year].append(value)