#if (PHYS_OFFSET & 0x001fffff)
#error "PHYS_OFFSET must be at an even 2MiB boundary!"
#endif
#define KERNEL_RAM_VADDR(PAGE_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET) /* KERNEL_RAM_VADDR=0xc0008000:kernel在内存中的虚拟地址
PAGE_OFFSET=0xc0000000:内核空间的起始虚拟地址 */
#define KERNEL_RAM_PADDR(PHYS_OFFSET + TEXT_OFFSET) /* KERNEL_RAM_PADDR=0x30008000:内核在内存中的物理地址
PHYS_OFFSET=0x30000000:内存的起始地址
TEXT_OFFSET=0x00008000: 相对于存储空间的偏移*/
/*
* swapper_pg_dir is the virtual address of the initial page table.
* We place the page tables 16K below KERNEL_RAM_VADDR. Therefore, we must
* make sure that KERNEL_RAM_VADDR is correctly set. Currently, we expect
* the least significant 16 bits to be 0x8000, but we could probably
* relax this restriction to KERNEL_RAM_VADDR >= PAGE_OFFSET + 0x4000.
*/
#if (KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xffff) != 0x8000
#error KERNEL_RAM_VADDR must start at 0xXXXX8000
#endif
.globlswapper_pg_dir /* 是系统中4GB虚拟内存空间的中间(一级/段)页表的虚拟基地址 ，必须是16KB对齐，虚拟
地址空间中的某个地址对应(一级/段)描述符在swapper_pg_dir中的位置由该虚拟地址所
在段的基址决定的，是固定的*/
.equswapper_pg_dir, KERNEL_RAM_VADDR - 0x4000 /* swapper_pg_dir=0x30008000-16K=0x30004000 */
.macropgtbl, rd
ldr\rd, =(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR - 0x4000) /* KERNEL_RAM_PADDR - 0x4000=0x30004000 */
.endm
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
#define KERNEL_STARTXIP_VIRT_ADDR(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR)
#define KERNEL_END_edata_loc
#else
#define KERNEL_STARTKERNEL_RAM_VADDR /* 0xc0008000 */
#define KERNEL_END_end /*内核结束地址，在vmlinux.lds中定义 */
#endif
/*
* Kernel startup entry point.
* ---------------------------
*
* This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
* are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
* r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags pointer.
*
* This code is mostly position independent, so if you link the kernel at
* 0xc0008000, you call this at __pa(0xc0008000).
*
* See linux/arch/arm/tools/mach-types for the complete list of machine
* numbers for r1.
*
* We're trying to keep crap to a minimum; DO NOT add any machine specific
* crap here - that's what the boot loader (or in extreme, well justified
* circumstances, zImage) is for.
*/
.section ".text.head", "ax"
ENTRY(stext) /* 内核的入口点 ，在vmlinux.lds中定义*/
msrcpsr_c, # PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE @ ensure svc mode /* 进入管理模式，并且禁止中断 */
@ and irqs disabled
mrcp15, 0, r9, c0, c0@ get processor id /* 获取CPU的ID，即读取协处理器寄存器的c0,判断是否支持这个CPU */
bl__lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid /* 调用__lookup_processor_type函数，确定内核是否支持当前CPU，如果
支持则 r5=返回一个用来描述处理器的结构体proc_info_list的地址，
否则返回r5=0 */
movsr10, r5@ invalid processor (r5=0)?
beq __error_p@ yes, error 'p' /* 如果内核不支持该处理器则进入错误处理 */
bl__lookup_machine_type@ r5=machinfo /* 判断是否支持这个单板?_lookup_machine_type函数处理后如果支持该开
发板则r5=返回一个用来描述开发板的结构体struct machine_desc的地址，
否则r5=0 */
movsr8, r5@ invalid machine (r5=0)?
beq__error_a@ yes, error 'a' /*如果经过测试不支持该单板则 出错处理 */
bl__vet_atags
bl__create_page_tables /* 创建页表 */
/*
* The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
* manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
* xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_machine_type
* above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be
* turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value.
*/
ldrr13, __switch_data @ address to jump to after /*__switch_data在head-common.S中定义，设置好页表，启动MMU后，就进
入这个函数，进而跳到第一个C函数start_kernel去执行tart_kernel 在main.c */
@ mmu has been enabled
adrlr, __enable_mmu@ return (PIC) address
addpc, r10, # PROCINFO_INITFUNC
ENDPROC(stext)
#if defined(CONFIG_SMP)
ENTRY(secondary_startup)
/*
* Common entry point for secondary CPUs.
*
* Ensure that we're in SVC mode, and IRQs are disabled. Lookup
* the processor type - there is no need to check the machine type
* as it has already been validated by the primary processor.
*/
msrcpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE
mrcp15, 0, r9, c0, c0@ get processor id
bl__lookup_processor_type
movsr10, r5@ invalid processor?
moveqr0, #'p'@ yes, error 'p'
beq__error
/*
* Use the page tables supplied from __cpu_up.
*/
adrr4, __secondary_data
ldmiar4, {r5, r7, r13}@ address to jump to after
subr4, r4, r5@ mmu has been enabled
ldrr4, [r7, r4]@ get secondary_data.pgdir
adrlr, __enable_mmu@ return address
addpc, r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC@ initialise processor
@ (return control reg)
ENDPROC(secondary_startup)
/*
* r6 = &secondary_data
*/
ENTRY(__secondary_switched)
ldrsp, [r7, #4]@ get secondary_data.stack
movfp, #0
bsecondary_start_kernel
ENDPROC(__secondary_switched)
.type__secondary_data, %object
__secondary_data:
.long.
.longsecondary_data
.long__secondary_switched
#endif /* defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
/*
* Setup common bits before finally enabling the MMU. Essentially
* this is just loading the page table pointer and domain access
* registers.
*/
__enable_mmu:
#ifdef CONFIG_ALIGNMENT_TRAP
orrr0, r0, #CR_A
#else
bicr0, r0, #CR_A
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_DISABLE
bicr0, r0, #CR_C
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_BPREDICT_DISABLE
bicr0, r0, #CR_Z
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_ICACHE_DISABLE
bicr0, r0, #CR_I
#endif
movr5, #(domain_val(DOMAIN_USER, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
domain_val(DOMAIN_KERNEL, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
domain_val(DOMAIN_TABLE, DOMAIN_MANAGER) | \
domain_val(DOMAIN_IO, DOMAIN_CLIENT))
mcrp15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0@ load domain access register
mcrp15, 0, r4, c2, c0, 0@ load page table pointer
b__turn_mmu_on
ENDPROC(__enable_mmu)
/*
* Enable the MMU. This completely changes the structure of the visible
* memory space. You will not be able to trace execution through this.
* If you have an enquiry about this, *please* check the linux-arm-kernel
* mailing list archives BEFORE sending another post to the list.
*
* r0 = cp#15 control register
* r13 = *virtual* address to jump to upon completion
*
* other registers depend on the function called upon completion
*/
.align5
__turn_mmu_on:
movr0, r0
mcrp15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0@ write control reg
mrcp15, 0, r3, c0, c0, 0@ read id reg
movr3, r3
movr3, r3
movpc, r13
ENDPROC(__turn_mmu_on)
/*
* Setup the initial page tables. We only setup the barest
* amount which are required to get the kernel running, which
* generally means mapping in the kernel code.
*
* r8 = machinfo struct machine_desc的基地址
* r9 = cpuid 通过CP15协处理器获得的处理器ID
* r10 = procinfo struct proc_info_list的基地址
*
* Returns:
* r0, r3, r6, r7 corrupted
* r4 = physical page table address
*/
__create_page_tables: /* 创建页表 -----为系统的内存头4段即头4MB建立一级映射表*/
/*.macropgtbl, rd
ldr\rd, =(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR - 0x4000)
.endm
*/
pgtblr4@ page table address /* 相当于ldr r4,KERNEL_RAM_PADDR - 0x4000 ===>ldr r4,0x30004000 */
/*
* Clear the 16K level 1 swapper page table
*/
movr0, r4 /* r0=0x30004000 */
movr3, #0
addr6, r0, #0x4000 /* r6=0x30008000 */
/* 初始化0x30004000~0x30008000之间的16K(4096*4=16K)的内存空间为0 */
1:strr3, [r0], #4
strr3, [r0], #4
strr3, [r0], #4
strr3, [r0], #4
teqr0, r6
bne1b
ldrr7, [r10, #PROCINFO_MM_MMUFLAGS] @ mm_mmuflags /* r7=struct proc_info_list的成员__cpu_mm_mmu_flags的值即=0xc1e=1100 0001 1110 */
/*
* Create identity mapping for first MB of kernel to
* cater for the MMU enable. This identity mapping
* will be removed by paging_init(). We use our current program
* counter to determine corresponding section base address.
*/
/* 段映射公式为:*(mmu_tlb_base+(virtualaddr>>20)) = phyaddr_and_permission; mmu_tlb_base为页表基地址， phyaddr_and_permission为物理段
基地址|访问权限*/
movr6, pc, lsr #20@ start of kernel section /* r6=300 (pgd_idx)*/
orrr3, r7, r6, lsl #20@ flags + kernel base /* 0x30000000+0xc1e=0x30000c1e ,其中r6=300<<20=0x30000000段基址，0xc1e为访问权限(
设置访问内存的权限--->可读写，写回模式)(从这里可以看出映射的
虚拟地址等于物理地址)*/
strr3, [r4, r6, lsl #2]@ identity mapping /* r4+r6<<2=r3=0x30000c1e===>0x30004000+300*4(这里乘以4是因为描述符是4字节的)=
0x30000c1e即((unsigned int)r4)[pgd_idx]=0x30000c1e*/
/*
* Now setup the pagetables for our kernel direct
* mapped region.
*/
addr0, r4, #(KERNEL_START & 0xff000000) >> 18 /* KERNEL_START=0xc0008000,r0=0x30004000+0xc00 */
strr3, [r0, #(KERNEL_START & 0x00f00000) >> 18]!
ldrr6, =(KERNEL_END - 1)
addr0, r0, #4
addr6, r4, r6, lsr #18
1:cmpr0, r6
addr3, r3, #1 << 20
strlsr3, [r0], #4
bls1b
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
/*
* Map some ram to cover our .data and .bss areas.
*/
orrr3, r7, #(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR & 0xff000000)
.if(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR & 0x00f00000)
orrr3, r3, #(KERNEL_RAM_PADDR & 0x00f00000)
.endif
addr0, r4, #(KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0xff000000) >> 18
strr3, [r0, #(KERNEL_RAM_VADDR & 0x00f00000) >> 18]!
ldrr6, =(_end - 1)
addr0, r0, #4
addr6, r4, r6, lsr #18
1:cmpr0, r6
addr3, r3, #1 << 20
strlsr3, [r0], #4
bls1b
#endif
/*
* Then map first 1MB of ram in case it contains our boot params.
*/
addr0, r4, #PAGE_OFFSET >> 18
orrr6, r7, #(PHYS_OFFSET & 0xff000000)
.if(PHYS_OFFSET & 0x00f00000)
orrr6, r6, #(PHYS_OFFSET & 0x00f00000)
.endif
strr6, [r0]
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
ldrr7, [r10, #PROCINFO_IO_MMUFLAGS] @ io_mmuflags
/*
* Map in IO space for serial debugging.
* This allows debug messages to be output
* via a serial console before paging_init.
*/
ldrr3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PGOFFIO]
addr0, r4, r3
rsbr3, r3, #0x4000@ PTRS_PER_PGD*sizeof(long)
cmpr3, #0x0800@ limit to 512MB
movhir3, #0x0800
addr6, r0, r3
ldrr3, [r8, #MACHINFO_PHYSIO]
orrr3, r3, r7
1:strr3, [r0], #4
addr3, r3, #1 << 20
teqr0, r6
bne1b
#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_NETWINDER) || defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CATS)
/*
* If we're using the NetWinder or CATS, we also need to map
* in the 16550-type serial port for the debug messages
*/
addr0, r4, #0xff000000 >> 18
orrr3, r7, #0x7c000000
strr3, [r0]
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
/*
* Map in screen at 0x02000000 & SCREEN2_BASE
* Similar reasons here - for debug. This is
* only for Acorn RiscPC architectures.
*/
addr0, r4, #0x02000000 >> 18
orrr3, r7, #0x02000000
strr3, [r0]
addr0, r4, #0xd8000000 >> 18
strr3, [r0]
#endif
#endif
movpc, lr
ENDPROC(__create_page_tables)
.ltorg
#include "head-common.S"
/*****************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* head-common.S */
/*
* linux/arch/arm/kernel/head-common.S
*
* Copyright (C) 1994-2002 Russell King
* Copyright (c) 2003 ARM Limited
* All Rights Reserved
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
*/
#define ATAG_CORE 0x54410001
#define ATAG_CORE_SIZE ((2*4 + 3*4) >> 2)
.type__switch_data, %object
__switch_data:
.long__mmap_switched
.long__data_loc@ r4
.long_data@ r5
.long__bss_start@ r6
.long_end@ r7
.longprocessor_id@ r4
.long__machine_arch_type@ r5
.long__atags_pointer@ r6
.longcr_alignment@ r7
.longinit_thread_union + THREAD_START_SP @ sp
/*
* The following fragment of code is executed with the MMU on in MMU mode,
* and uses absolute addresses; this is not position independent.
*
* r0 = cp#15 control register
* r1 = machine ID
* r2 = atags pointer
* r9 = processor ID
*/
__mmap_switched:
adrr3, __switch_data + 4
ldmiar3!, {r4, r5, r6, r7}
cmpr4, r5@ Copy data segment if needed
1:cmpner5, r6
ldrnefp, [r4], #4
strnefp, [r5], #4
bne1b
movfp, #0@ Clear BSS (and zero fp)
1:cmpr6, r7
strcc fp, [r6],#4
bcc1b
ldmiar3, {r4, r5, r6, r7, sp}
strr9, [r4]@ Save processor ID
strr1, [r5]@ Save machine type
strr2, [r6]@ Save atags pointer
bicr4, r0, #CR_A@ Clear 'A' bit
stmiar7, {r0, r4}@ Save control register values
bstart_kernel /* 第一个C函数，启动内核 */
ENDPROC(__mmap_switched)
/*
* Exception handling. Something went wrong and we can't proceed. We
* ought to tell the user, but since we don't have any guarantee that
* we're even running on the right architecture, we do virtually nothing.
*
* If CONFIG_DEBUG_LL is set we try to print out something about the error
* and hope for the best (useful if bootloader fails to pass a proper
* machine ID for example).
*/
__error_p: /*即为 获取CPU的ID与内核定义ID不相符即内核不支持该CPU的错误处理函数 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
adrr0, str_p1 /* r0指向字符串 "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported processor variant (0x).\n"的首地址*/
blprintascii /* 打印字符 */
movr0, r9
blprinthex8
adrr0, str_p2
blprintascii
b__error
str_p1:.asciz"\nError: unrecognized/unsupported processor variant (0x"
str_p2:.asciz").\n"
.align
#endif
ENDPROC(__error_p)
__error_a: /*如果经过测试不支持该单板则 出错处理 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
movr4, r1@ preserve machine ID
adrr0, str_a1
blprintascii
movr0, r4
blprinthex8
adrr0, str_a2
blprintascii
adrr3, 3f
ldmiar3, {r4, r5, r6}@ get machine desc list
subr4, r3, r4@ get offset between virt&phys
addr5, r5, r4@ convert virt addresses to
addr6, r6, r4@ physical address space
1:ldrr0, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE]@ get machine type
blprinthex8
movr0, #'\t'
blprintch
ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_NAME]@ get machine name
addr0, r0, r4
blprintascii
movr0, #'\n'
blprintch
addr5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC@ next machine_desc
cmpr5, r6
blo1b
adrr0, str_a3
blprintascii
b__error
ENDPROC(__error_a)
str_a1:.asciz"\nError: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x"
str_a2:.asciz").\n\nAvailable machine support:\n\nID (hex)\tNAME\n"
str_a3:.asciz"\nPlease check your kernel config and/or bootloader.\n"
.align
#endif
__error:
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_RPC
/*
* Turn the screen red on a error - RiscPC only.
*/
movr0, #0x02000000
movr3, #0x11
orrr3, r3, r3, lsl #8
orrr3, r3, r3, lsl #16
strr3, [r0], #4
strr3, [r0], #4
strr3, [r0], #4
strr3, [r0], #4
#endif
1:movr0, r0
b1b
ENDPROC(__error)
/*
* Read processor ID register (CP#15, CR0), and look up in the linker-built
* supported processor list. Note that we can't use the absolute addresses
* for the __proc_info lists since we aren't running with the MMU on
* (and therefore, we are not in the correct address space). We have to
* calculate the offset.
*
*r9 = cpuid
* Returns:
*r3, r4, r6 corrupted
*r5 = proc_info pointer in physical address space
*r9 = cpuid (preserved)
*/
__lookup_processor_type: /* 查看cpu类型即看cpu的ID是否匹配 */
adrr3, 3f /* r3=后面地址标号3的地址,是物理地址 */
ldmdar3, {r5 - r7} /* ldmda加载r3指向的地址开始的数据到r5~r7,其中da的意思是每次传送后地址减一，
执行该指令后r5=__proc_info_begin r6=__proc_info_end r7=. ，这些地址都是虚拟地址*/
subr3, r3, r7@ get offset between virt&phys /* 得到虚拟地址与物理地址的偏差，这里r3<0 */
addr5, r5, r3@ convert virt addresses to /* r5=__proc_info_begin 对应的物理地址 */
addr6, r6, r3@ physical address space /* r6=__proc_info_end 对应的物理地址 */
1:ldmiar5, {r3, r4}@ value, mask /* 在arch/arm/mm/proc-arm920.S中定义，
r3=cpu_val=0x41009200 r4=cpu_mask=0xff00fff0 */
andr4, r4, r9@ mask wanted bits /* r4=r4&r9=cpu_mask&r9=0xff00fff0&0x41129200= 0x41009200=cpu_val */
teqr3, r4
beq2f /* r4=r4&r9=cpu_mask&r9=0xff00fff0&0x41129200= 0x41009200=cpu_val 跳转到2地址标号处 */
addr5, r5, # PROC_INFO_SZ @ sizeof(proc_info_list) /* r5指向下一个proc_info_list结构体 */
cmpr5, r6 /*是否比较完所有的proc_info_list结构体了 */
blo1b /* 没有则继续比较 */
movr5, #0@ unknown processor
2:movpc, lr /* 比较完了，如果没有找到匹配的proc_info_list结构体,则r5=0 */
ENDPROC(__lookup_processor_type)
/*
* This provides a C-API version of the above function.
*/
ENTRY(lookup_processor_type) /* 提供给C函数调用的接口 */
stmfdsp!, {r4 - r7, r9, lr}
movr9, r0
bl__lookup_processor_type
movr0, r5
ldmfdsp!, {r4 - r7, r9, pc}
ENDPROC(lookup_processor_type)
/*
* Look in and arch/arm/kernel/arch.[ch] for
* more information about the __proc_info and __arch_info structures.
*/
.long__proc_info_begin
.long__proc_info_end
3:.long.
.long__arch_info_begin
.long__arch_info_end
/*
连接脚本中:
__proc_info_begin = .;
*(.proc.info.init)
__proc_info_end = .;
在include/asm-arm/procinfo.h中定义:
struct proc_info_list {
unsigned intcpu_val;
unsigned intcpu_mask;
unsigned long__cpu_mm_mmu_flags;//used by head.S
unsigned long__cpu_io_mmu_flags;//used by head.S
unsigned long__cpu_flush;//used by head.S
const char*arch_name;
const char*elf_name;
unsigned intelf_hwcap;
const char*cpu_name;
struct processor*proc;
struct cpu_tlb_fns*tlb;
struct cpu_user_fns*user;
struct cpu_cache_fns*cache;
};
arch/arm/mm/proc-arm920.S中定义:
.section ".proc.info.init", #alloc, #execinstr
.type__arm920_proc_info,#object
__arm920_proc_info:
.long0x41009200 cpu_val s3c2410 s3c2440的CPUID均为0x41129200
.long0xff00fff0 cpu_mask
。。。。。。
__arch_info_begin = .;
*(.arch.info.init)
__arch_info_end = .;
include/asm-arm/mach/arch.h中定义:
#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name)\
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type\
__used\
__attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = {\
.nr= MACH_TYPE_##_type,\
.name= _name,
#define MACHINE_END\
arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410中定义:
MACHINE_START(SMDK2410, "SMDK2410") // @TODO: request a new identifier and switch * to SMDK2410
//Maintainer: Jonas Dietsche
.phys_io= S3C2410_PA_UART,
.io_pg_offst= (((u32)S3C24XX_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
.boot_params= S3C2410_SDRAM_PA + 0x100,
.map_io= smdk2410_map_io,
.init_irq= s3c24xx_init_irq,
.init_machine= smdk2410_init,
.timer= &s3c24xx_timer,
};
对宏进行展开:
#define MACHINE_START(SMDK2410,"SMDK2410")\
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_SMDK2410\
__used\
__attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = {\ 强制设置该段属性.arch.info.init
.nr= MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410,\ MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410在为193，在u-boot中也有定义
.name= "SMDK2410",
.phys_io= S3C2410_PA_UART,
.io_pg_offst= (((u32)S3C24XX_VA_UART) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
.boot_params= S3C2410_SDRAM_PA + 0x100,
.map_io= smdk2410_map_io,
.init_irq= s3c24xx_init_irq,
.init_machine= smdk2410_init,
.timer= &s3c24xx_timer,
};
*/
/*
* Lookup machine architecture in the linker-build list of architectures.
* Note that we can't use the absolute addresses for the __arch_info
* lists since we aren't running with the MMU on (and therefore, we are
* not in the correct address space). We have to calculate the offset.
*
* r1 = machine architecture number
* Returns:
* r3, r4, r6 corrupted
* r5 = mach_info pointer in physical address space
*/
__lookup_machine_type:
adrr3, 3b /* r3=3b的地址，就是上面的3的地址，是物理地址 */
ldmiar3, {r4, r5, r6} /*r4=. ，代表3这个标号的虚拟地址 r5=__arch_info_begin r6=__arch_info_end,这两个地址标号都
是在连接脚本中定义的 */
subr3, r3, r4@ get offset between virt&phys /* 得到虚拟地址与物理地址的偏差 */
addr5, r5, r3@ convert virt addresses to /* r5=__arch_info_begin 的物理地址 */
addr6, r6, r3@ physical address space /* r6=__arch_info_end 的物理地址 */
1:ldrr3, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE]@ get machine type /* MACHINFO_TYPE=0即获取machine_desc 结构体成员.nr= MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410(在mach-types.h中定义), */
teqr3, r1@ matches loader number? /* r1就是bootloader传进来的ID=362 */
beq2f@ found /* 如果 r1就是bootloader传进来的ID=362 = nr= MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410则返回*/
addr5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC@ next machine_desc /*r5指向下一个结构体 */
cmpr5, r6 /*是否比较完了所有的machine_desc 结构体 */
blo1b /* 没有则继续比较 */
movr5, #0 @ unknown machine /* 比较完毕，但没有匹配的machine_desc 结构，则r5=0 */
2:movpc, lr /* 返回 */
ENDPROC(__lookup_machine_type)
/*
* This provides a C-API version of the above function.
*/
ENTRY(lookup_machine_type)
stmfdsp!, {r4 - r6, lr}
movr1, r0
bl__lookup_machine_type
movr0, r5
ldmfdsp!, {r4 - r6, pc}
ENDPROC(lookup_machine_type)
/* Determine validity of the r2 atags pointer. The heuristic requires
* that the pointer be aligned, in the first 16k of physical RAM and
* that the ATAG_CORE marker is first and present. Future revisions
* of this function may be more lenient with the physical address and
* may also be able to move the ATAGS block if necessary.
*
* r8 = machinfo
*
* Returns:
* r2 either valid atags pointer, or zero
* r5, r6 corrupted
*/
__vet_atags:
tstr2, #0x3@ aligned?
bne1f
ldrr5, [r2, #0]@ is first tag ATAG_CORE?
subsr5, r5, #ATAG_CORE_SIZE
bne1f
ldrr5, [r2, #4]
ldrr6, =ATAG_CORE
cmpr5, r6
bne1f
movpc, lr@ atag pointer is ok
1:movr2, #0
movpc, lr
ENDPROC(__vet_atags)
/*****************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* proc-arm920.S */
/*
* linux/arch/arm/mm/proc-arm920.S: MMU functions for ARM920
*
* Copyright (C) 1999,2000 ARM Limited
* Copyright (C) 2000 Deep Blue Solutions Ltd.
* hacked for non-paged-MM by Hyok S. Choi, 2003.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*
*
* These are the low level assembler for performing cache and TLB
* functions on the arm920.
*
* CONFIG_CPU_ARM920_CPU_IDLE -> nohlt
*/
#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "proc-macros.S"
/*
* The size of one data cache line.
*/
#define CACHE_DLINESIZE32
/*
* The number of data cache segments.
*/
#define CACHE_DSEGMENTS8
/*
* The number of lines in a cache segment.
*/
#define CACHE_DENTRIES64
/*
* This is the size at which it becomes more efficient to
* clean the whole cache, rather than using the individual
* cache line maintainence instructions.
*/
#define CACHE_DLIMIT65536
.text
/*
* cpu_arm920_proc_init()
*/
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_proc_init)
movpc, lr
/*
* cpu_arm920_proc_fin()
*/
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_proc_fin)
stmfdsp!, {lr}
movip, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE
msrcpsr_c, ip
#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH
blarm920_flush_kern_cache_all
#else
blv4wt_flush_kern_cache_all
#endif
mrcp15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0@ ctrl register
bicr0, r0, #0x1000@ ...i............
bicr0, r0, #0x000e@ ............wca.
mcrp15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0@ disable caches
ldmfdsp!, {pc}
/*
* cpu_arm920_reset(loc)
*
* Perform a soft reset of the system. Put the CPU into the
* same state as it would be if it had been reset, and branch
* to what would be the reset vector.
*
* loc: location to jump to for soft reset
*/
.align5
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_reset)
movip, #0
mcrp15, 0, ip, c7, c7, 0@ invalidate I,D caches
mcrp15, 0, ip, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
mcrp15, 0, ip, c8, c7, 0@ invalidate I & D TLBs
#endif
mrcp15, 0, ip, c1, c0, 0@ ctrl register
bicip, ip, #0x000f@ ............wcam
bicip, ip, #0x1100@ ...i...s........
mcrp15, 0, ip, c1, c0, 0@ ctrl register
movpc, r0
/*
* cpu_arm920_do_idle()
*/
.align5
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_do_idle)
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c0, 4@ Wait for interrupt
movpc, lr
#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH
/*
*flush_user_cache_all()
*
*Invalidate all cache entries in a particular address
*space.
*/
ENTRY(arm920_flush_user_cache_all)
/* FALLTHROUGH */
/*
*flush_kern_cache_all()
*
*Clean and invalidate the entire cache.
*/
ENTRY(arm920_flush_kern_cache_all)
movr2, #VM_EXEC
movip, #0
__flush_whole_cache:
movr1, #(CACHE_DSEGMENTS - 1) << 5@ 8 segments
1:orrr3, r1, #(CACHE_DENTRIES - 1) << 26 @ 64 entries
2:mcrp15, 0, r3, c7, c14, 2@ clean+invalidate D index
subsr3, r3, #1 << 26
bcs2b@ entries 63 to 0
subsr1, r1, #1 << 5
bcs1b@ segments 7 to 0
tstr2, #VM_EXEC
mcrnep15, 0, ip, c7, c5, 0@ invalidate I cache
mcrnep15, 0, ip, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
/*
*flush_user_cache_range(start, end, flags)
*
*Invalidate a range of cache entries in the specified
*address space.
*
*- start- start address (inclusive)
*- end- end address (exclusive)
*- flags- vm_flags for address space
*/
ENTRY(arm920_flush_user_cache_range)
movip, #0
subr3, r1, r0@ calculate total size
cmpr3, #CACHE_DLIMIT
bhs__flush_whole_cache
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c14, 1@ clean+invalidate D entry
tstr2, #VM_EXEC
mcrnep15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 1@ invalidate I entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
cmpr0, r1
blo1b
tstr2, #VM_EXEC
mcrnep15, 0, ip, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
/*
*coherent_kern_range(start, end)
*
*Ensure coherency between the Icache and the Dcache in the
*region described by start, end. If you have non-snooping
*Harvard caches, you need to implement this function.
*
*- start- virtual start address
*- end- virtual end address
*/
ENTRY(arm920_coherent_kern_range)
/* FALLTHROUGH */
/*
*coherent_user_range(start, end)
*
*Ensure coherency between the Icache and the Dcache in the
*region described by start, end. If you have non-snooping
*Harvard caches, you need to implement this function.
*
*- start- virtual start address
*- end- virtual end address
*/
ENTRY(arm920_coherent_user_range)
bicr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE - 1
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 1@ clean D entry
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 1@ invalidate I entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
cmpr0, r1
blo1b
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
/*
*flush_kern_dcache_page(void *page)
*
*Ensure no D cache aliasing occurs, either with itself or
*the I cache
*
*- addr- page aligned address
*/
ENTRY(arm920_flush_kern_dcache_page)
addr1, r0, #PAGE_SZ
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c14, 1@ clean+invalidate D entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
cmpr0, r1
blo1b
movr0, #0
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c5, 0@ invalidate I cache
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
/*
*dma_inv_range(start, end)
*
*Invalidate (discard) the specified virtual address range.
*May not write back any entries. If 'start' or 'end'
*are not cache line aligned, those lines must be written
*back.
*
*- start- virtual start address
*- end- virtual end address
*
* (same as v4wb)
*/
ENTRY(arm920_dma_inv_range)
tstr0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE - 1
bicr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE - 1
mcrnep15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 1@ clean D entry
tstr1, #CACHE_DLINESIZE - 1
mcrnep15, 0, r1, c7, c10, 1@ clean D entry
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c6, 1@ invalidate D entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
cmpr0, r1
blo1b
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
/*
*dma_clean_range(start, end)
*
*Clean the specified virtual address range.
*
*- start- virtual start address
*- end- virtual end address
*
* (same as v4wb)
*/
ENTRY(arm920_dma_clean_range)
bicr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE - 1
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 1@ clean D entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
cmpr0, r1
blo1b
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
/*
*dma_flush_range(start, end)
*
*Clean and invalidate the specified virtual address range.
*
*- start- virtual start address
*- end- virtual end address
*/
ENTRY(arm920_dma_flush_range)
bicr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE - 1
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c14, 1@ clean+invalidate D entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
cmpr0, r1
blo1b
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
movpc, lr
ENTRY(arm920_cache_fns)
.longarm920_flush_kern_cache_all
.longarm920_flush_user_cache_all
.longarm920_flush_user_cache_range
.longarm920_coherent_kern_range
.longarm920_coherent_user_range
.longarm920_flush_kern_dcache_page
.longarm920_dma_inv_range
.longarm920_dma_clean_range
.longarm920_dma_flush_range
#endif
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_dcache_clean_area)
1:mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 1@ clean D entry
addr0, r0, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
subsr1, r1, #CACHE_DLINESIZE
bhi1b
movpc, lr
/* =============================== PageTable ============================== */
/*
* cpu_arm920_switch_mm(pgd)
*
* Set the translation base pointer to be as described by pgd.
*
* pgd: new page tables
*/
.align5
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_switch_mm)
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
movip, #0
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH
mcrp15, 0, ip, c7, c6, 0@ invalidate D cache
#else
@ && 'Clean & Invalidate whole DCache'
@ && Re-written to use Index Ops.
@ && Uses registers r1, r3 and ip
movr1, #(CACHE_DSEGMENTS - 1) << 5@ 8 segments
1:orrr3, r1, #(CACHE_DENTRIES - 1) << 26 @ 64 entries
2:mcrp15, 0, r3, c7, c14, 2@ clean & invalidate D index
subsr3, r3, #1 << 26
bcs2b@ entries 63 to 0
subsr1, r1, #1 << 5
bcs1b@ segments 7 to 0
#endif
mcrp15, 0, ip, c7, c5, 0@ invalidate I cache
mcrp15, 0, ip, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
mcrp15, 0, r0, c2, c0, 0@ load page table pointer
mcrp15, 0, ip, c8, c7, 0@ invalidate I & D TLBs
#endif
movpc, lr
/*
* cpu_arm920_set_pte(ptep, pte, ext)
*
* Set a PTE and flush it out
*/
.align5
ENTRY(cpu_arm920_set_pte_ext)
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
armv3_set_pte_ext
movr0, r0
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 1@ clean D entry
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain WB
#endif
movpc, lr
__INIT
.type__arm920_setup, #function
__arm920_setup:
movr0, #0
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c7@ invalidate I,D caches on v4 /* 使数据及代码段cache无效*/
mcrp15, 0, r0, c7, c10, 4@ drain write buffer on v4 /* 清空写缓存 */
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
mcrp15, 0, r0, c8, c7@ invalidate I,D TLBs on v4 /*是TLB整个页表无效 */
#endif
adrr5, arm920_crval
ldmiar5, {r5, r6} /* r5= 0x00003f3f,r6=0x00003135*/
mrcp15, 0, r0, c1, c0@ get control register v4 /* 读取协处理器cp15的寄存器c1(控制寄存器)的值 */
bicr0, r0, r5 /* 清除bit[13:8] bit[5:0] */
orrr0, r0, r6 /* 置位bit[13:12],bit[8],bit[5:3],bit[1] */
movpc, lr
.size__arm920_setup, . - __arm920_setup
/*
* R
* .RVI ZFRS BLDP WCAM
* ..11 0001 ..11 0101
*
*/
.typearm920_crval, #object
arm920_crval:
crvalclear=0x00003f3f, mmuset=0x00003135, ucset=0x00001130 /* crval被宏定义为.word\clear .word\mmuset ；
所以arm920_crval定义定义为.word 0x00003f3f .word 0x00003135*/
__INITDATA
/*
* Purpose : Function pointers used to access above functions - all calls
* come through these
*/
.typearm920_processor_functions, #object
arm920_processor_functions:
.wordv4t_early_abort
.wordpabort_noifar
.wordcpu_arm920_proc_init
.wordcpu_arm920_proc_fin
.wordcpu_arm920_reset
.word cpu_arm920_do_idle
.wordcpu_arm920_dcache_clean_area
.wordcpu_arm920_switch_mm
.wordcpu_arm920_set_pte_ext
.sizearm920_processor_functions, . - arm920_processor_functions
.section ".rodata"
.typecpu_arch_name, #object
cpu_arch_name:
.asciz"armv4t"
.sizecpu_arch_name, . - cpu_arch_name
.typecpu_elf_name, #object
cpu_elf_name:
.asciz"v4"
.sizecpu_elf_name, . - cpu_elf_name
.typecpu_arm920_name, #object
cpu_arm920_name:
.asciz"ARM920T"
.sizecpu_arm920_name, . - cpu_arm920_name
.align
.section ".proc.info.init", #alloc, #execinstr /* 设置段的属性为.proc.info.init，在连接脚本中会将所有有此
段属性的段全部组织在一起*/
.type__arm920_proc_info,#object
__arm920_proc_info: /* 2440架构的(proc_info_list结构体的定义 */
.long0x41009200 /* cpu_val */
.long0xff00fff0 /* cpu_mask */
.long PMD_TYPE_SECT | \
PMD_SECT_BUFFERABLE | \
PMD_SECT_CACHEABLE | \
PMD_BIT4 | \
PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE | \
PMD_SECT_AP_READ /* =0xc1e=1100 0001 1110 ===>设置访问内存的权限--->可读写，写回模式*/
.long PMD_TYPE_SECT | \
PMD_BIT4 | \
PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE | \
PMD_SECT_AP_READ /* =0xc12=1100 0001 0010 ====>设置访问内存权限--->可读写，no Dcache,no buffer*/
b__arm920_setup /* */
.longcpu_arch_name /* ="armv4t" */
.longcpu_elf_name /* ="v4" */
.longHWCAP_SWP | HWCAP_HALF | HWCAP_THUMB /* =7 */
.longcpu_arm920_name /* ="ARM920T" */
.longarm920_processor_functions /* */
.longv4wbi_tlb_fns /* */
.longv4wb_user_fns /* */
#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_DCACHE_WRITETHROUGH
.longarm920_cache_fns /* */
#else
.longv4wt_cache_fns /* */
#endif
.size__arm920_proc_info, . - __arm920_proc_info
/*****************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* domain.h：访问权限定义 */
/*
* arch/arm/include/asm/domain.h
*
* Copyright (C) 1999 Russell King.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*/
#ifndef __ASM_PROC_DOMAIN_H
#define __ASM_PROC_DOMAIN_H
/*
* Domain numbers
*
* DOMAIN_IO - domain 2 includes all IO only
* DOMAIN_USER - domain 1 includes all user memory only
* DOMAIN_KERNEL - domain 0 includes all kernel memory only
*
* The domain numbering depends on whether we support 36 physical
* address for I/O or not. Addresses above the 32 bit boundary can
* only be mapped using supersections and supersections can only
* be set for domain 0. We could just default to DOMAIN_IO as zero,
* but there may be systems with supersection support and no 36-bit
* addressing. In such cases, we want to map system memory with
* supersections to reduce TLB misses and footprint.
*
* 36-bit addressing and supersections are only available on
* CPUs based on ARMv6+ or the Intel XSC3 core.
*/
#ifndef CONFIG_IO_36
#define DOMAIN_KERNEL0
#define DOMAIN_TABLE0
#define DOMAIN_USER1
#define DOMAIN_IO2
#else
#define DOMAIN_KERNEL2 /* 内核空间用的域，使用2号存储域，管理者权限(内部高速SRAM空间、内部mini cache空间、
RAM内存空间、ROM(flash)空间) */
#define DOMAIN_TABLE2 /* 页表空间用的域，使用2号存储域，管理者权限 */
#define DOMAIN_USER1 /* 用户空间用的域，使用1号存储预，客户权限 (低端中断向量空间、高端中断向量空间)*/
#define DOMAIN_IO0 /* I/O空间用的域，使用0号存储域，客户权限 (设备空间)*/
#endif
/*
* Domain types
*/
#define DOMAIN_NOACCESS0 /* 没有访问权限 */
#define DOMAIN_CLIENT1 /* 客户权限:根据CP15的C1控制寄存器中的R和S位以及以及页表中地址变换条目中的访
问控制位AP来确定是否允许各种系统工作模式的存储访问*/
#define DOMAIN_MANAGER3 /* 管理者权限: 不考虑CP15的C1控制寄存器中的R和S位以及一级页表中地址变换条目中的访问
控制位AP*/
#define domain_val(dom,type)((type) << (2*(dom)))
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
#define set_domain(x)\
do {\
__asm__ __volatile__(\
"mcrp15, 0, %0, c3, c0@ set domain"\
: : "r" (x));\
isb();\
} while (0)
#define modify_domain(dom,type)\
do {\
struct thread_info *thread = current_thread_info();\
unsigned int domain = thread->cpu_domain;\
domain &= ~domain_val(dom, DOMAIN_MANAGER);\
thread->cpu_domain = domain | domain_val(dom, type);\
set_domain(thread->cpu_domain);\
} while (0)
#else
#define set_domain(x)do { } while (0)
#define modify_domain(dom,type)do { } while (0)
#endif
#endif
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
/*****************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* page.h */
/*
* arch/arm/include/asm/page.h
*
* Copyright (C) 1995-2003 Russell King
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*/
#ifndef _ASMARM_PAGE_H
#define _ASMARM_PAGE_H
/* PAGE_SHIFT determines the page size */
#define PAGE_SHIFT12 /* linux支持4K大小的页，因此其定义为12，它表示一个虚拟地址的页内偏移量的位数 */
#define PAGE_SIZE(1UL << PAGE_SHIFT) /* 页大小为1<<12=4K( 物理地址被分成离散的单元，称之为页，系统内部许多对内存的操作都是基于单个页的) */
#define PAGE_MASK(~(PAGE_SIZE-1)) /* 页屏蔽码为0xfffff000 */
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
#include "page-nommu.h"
#else
#include /*
*User Space Model
*================
*
*This section selects the correct set of functions for dealing with
*page-based copying and clearing for user space for the particular
*processor(s) we're building for.
*
*We have the following to choose from:
* v3- ARMv3
* v4wt- ARMv4 with writethrough cache, without minicache
* v4wb- ARMv4 with writeback cache, without minicache
* v4_mc- ARMv4 with minicache
* xscale- Xscale
* xsc3- XScalev3
*/
#undef _USER
#undef MULTI_USER
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_COPY_V3
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER v3
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_COPY_V4WT
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER v4wt
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_COPY_V4WB
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER v4wb
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_COPY_FEROCEON
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER feroceon
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_COPY_FA
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER fa
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SA1100
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER v4_mc
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_XSCALE
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER xscale_mc
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_XSC3
#ifdef _USER
#define MULTI_USER 1
#else
#define _USER xsc3_mc
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_COPY_V6
#define MULTI_USER 1
#endif
#if !defined(_USER) && !defined(MULTI_USER)
#error Unknown user operations model
#endif
struct page;
struct cpu_user_fns {
void (*cpu_clear_user_highpage)(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr);
void (*cpu_copy_user_highpage)(struct page *to, struct page *from,
unsigned long vaddr);
};
#ifdef MULTI_USER
extern struct cpu_user_fns cpu_user;
#define __cpu_clear_user_highpagecpu_user.cpu_clear_user_highpage
#define __cpu_copy_user_highpagecpu_user.cpu_copy_user_highpage
#else
#define __cpu_clear_user_highpage__glue(_USER,_clear_user_highpage)
#define __cpu_copy_user_highpage__glue(_USER,_copy_user_highpage)
extern void __cpu_clear_user_highpage(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr);
extern void __cpu_copy_user_highpage(struct page *to, struct page *from,
unsigned long vaddr);
#endif
#define clear_user_highpage(page,vaddr)\
__cpu_clear_user_highpage(page, vaddr)
#define __HAVE_ARCH_COPY_USER_HIGHPAGE
#define copy_user_highpage(to,from,vaddr,vma)\
__cpu_copy_user_highpage(to, from, vaddr)
#define clear_page(page)memset((void *)(page), 0, PAGE_SIZE)
extern void copy_page(void *to, const void *from);
#undef STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS
#ifdef STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS
/*
* These are used to make use of C type-checking..
*/
typedef struct { unsigned long pte; } pte_t; /*二级页表基地址 */
typedef struct { unsigned long pmd; } pmd_t;
typedef struct { unsigned long pgd[2]; } pgd_t; /* 一级页表基地址，可以看出pgd_t是8字节的，也就是说一个pgd对应两个一级
描述符，就就对应两张二级页表，每张表有两份实现，一份是linux定义的，
一份四硬件定义的*/
typedef struct { unsigned long pgprot; } pgprot_t;
#define pte_val(x) ((x).pte)
#define pmd_val(x) ((x).pmd)
#define pgd_val(x)((x).pgd[0])
#define pgprot_val(x) ((x).pgprot)
#define __pte(x) ((pte_t) { (x) } )
#define __pmd(x) ((pmd_t) { (x) } )
#define __pgprot(x) ((pgprot_t) { (x) } )
#else
/*
* .. while these make it easier on the compiler
*/
typedef unsigned long pte_t;
typedef unsigned long pmd_t;
typedef unsigned long pgd_t[2];
typedef unsigned long pgprot_t;
#define pte_val(x) (x)
#define pmd_val(x) (x)
#define pgd_val(x)((x)[0])
#define pgprot_val(x) (x)
#define __pte(x) (x)
#define __pmd(x) (x)
#define __pgprot(x) (x)
#endif /* STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS */
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
typedef struct page *pgtable_t;
#include #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
#define VM_DATA_DEFAULT_FLAGS \
(((current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) ? VM_EXEC : 0) | \
VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_MAYREAD | VM_MAYWRITE | VM_MAYEXEC)
#include #endif
/*****************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* pgtable.h */
/*
* arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable.h
*
* Copyright (C) 1995-2002 Russell King
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*/
#ifndef _ASMARM_PGTABLE_H
#define _ASMARM_PGTABLE_H
#include #include #ifndef CONFIG_MMU
#include "pgtable-nommu.h"
#else
#include #include #include /*
* Just any arbitrary offset to the start of the vmalloc VM area: the
* current 8MB value just means that there will be a 8MB "hole" after the
* physical memory until the kernel virtual memory starts. That means that
* any out-of-bounds memory accesses will hopefully be caught.
* The vmalloc() routines leaves a hole of 4kB between each vmalloced
* area for the same reason. ;)
*
* Note that platforms may override VMALLOC_START, but they must provide
* VMALLOC_END. VMALLOC_END defines the (exclusive) limit of this space,
* which may not overlap IO space.
*/
#ifndef VMALLOC_START
#define VMALLOC_OFFSET(8*1024*1024) /* vmalloc分配内存的起始地址的的偏移 */
#define VMALLOC_START(((unsigned long)high_memory + VMALLOC_OFFSET) & ~(VMALLOC_OFFSET-1)) /* 用于vmalloc分配内存的内存空间起始地址 */
#endif
/*
* Hardware-wise, we have a two level page table structure, where the first
* level has 4096 entries, and the second level has 256 entries. Each entry
* is one 32-bit word. Most of the bits in the second level entry are used
* by hardware, and there aren't any "accessed" and "dirty" bits.
*
* Linux on the other hand has a three level page table structure, which can
* be wrapped to fit a two level page table structure easily - using the PGD
* and PTE only. However, Linux also expects one "PTE" table per page, and
* at least a "dirty" bit.
*
* Therefore, we tweak the implementation slightly - we tell Linux that we
* have 2048 entries in the first level, each of which is 8 bytes (iow, two
* hardware pointers to the second level.) The second level contains two
* hardware PTE tables arranged contiguously, followed by Linux versions
* which contain the state information Linux needs. We, therefore, end up
* with 512 entries in the "PTE" level.
*
* This leads to the page tables having the following layout:
*
* pgd pte
* | |
* +--------+ +0
* | |-----> +------------+ +0
* +- - - - + +4 | h/w pt 0 |
* | |-----> +------------+ +1024
* +--------+ +8 | h/w pt 1 |
* | | +------------+ +2048
* +- - - - + | Linux pt 0 |
* | | +------------+ +3072
* +--------+ | Linux pt 1 |
* | | +------------+ +4096
*
* See L_PTE_xxx below for definitions of bits in the "Linux pt", and
* PTE_xxx for definitions of bits appearing in the "h/w pt".
*
* PMD_xxx definitions refer to bits in the first level page table.
*
* The "dirty" bit is emulated by only granting hardware write permission
* iff the page is marked "writable" and "dirty" in the Linux PTE. This
* means that a write to a clean page will cause a permission fault, and
* the Linux MM layer will mark the page dirty via handle_pte_fault().
* For the hardware to notice the permission change, the TLB entry must
* be flushed, and ptep_set_access_flags() does that for us.
*
* The "accessed" or "young" bit is emulated by a similar method; we only
* allow accesses to the page if the "young" bit is set. Accesses to the
* page will cause a fault, and handle_pte_fault() will set the young bit
* for us as long as the page is marked present in the corresponding Linux
* PTE entry. Again, ptep_set_access_flags() will ensure that the TLB is
* up to date.
*
* However, when the "young" bit is cleared, we deny access to the page
* by clearing the hardware PTE. Currently Linux does not flush the TLB
* for us in this case, which means the TLB will retain the transation
* until either the TLB entry is evicted under pressure, or a context
* switch which changes the user space mapping occurs.
*/
#define PTRS_PER_PTE512 /* 表示一个页表中表项的个数 (PTE---page )*/
#define PTRS_PER_PMD1 /* 表示一个页中间目录表中表项的个数(PMD---page middle descriptor) */
#define PTRS_PER_PGD2048 /* 表示一个页全局目录表中表项的个数 (PGD---page descriptor)*/
/*
* PMD_SHIFT determines the size of the area a second-level page table can map
* PGDIR_SHIFT determines what a third-level page table entry can map
*/
#define PMD_SHIFT21
#define PGDIR_SHIFT21
#define LIBRARY_TEXT_START0x0c000000
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
extern void __pte_error(const char *file, int line, unsigned long val);
extern void __pmd_error(const char *file, int line, unsigned long val);
extern void __pgd_error(const char *file, int line, unsigned long val);
#define pte_ERROR(pte)__pte_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, pte_val(pte))
#define pmd_ERROR(pmd)__pmd_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, pmd_val(pmd))
#define pgd_ERROR(pgd)__pgd_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, pgd_val(pgd))
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
#define PMD_SIZE(1UL << PMD_SHIFT)
#define PMD_MASK(~(PMD_SIZE-1))
#define PGDIR_SIZE(1UL << PGDIR_SHIFT)
#define PGDIR_MASK(~(PGDIR_SIZE-1))
/*
* This is the lowest virtual address we can permit any user space
* mapping to be mapped at. This is particularly important for
* non-high vector CPUs.
*/
#define FIRST_USER_ADDRESSPAGE_SIZE
#define FIRST_USER_PGD_NR1
#define USER_PTRS_PER_PGD((TASK_SIZE/PGDIR_SIZE) - FIRST_USER_PGD_NR)
/*
* section address mask and size definitions.
*/
#define SECTION_SHIFT20
#define SECTION_SIZE(1UL << SECTION_SHIFT)
#define SECTION_MASK(~(SECTION_SIZE-1))
/*
* ARMv6 supersection address mask and size definitions.
*/
#define SUPERSECTION_SHIFT24
#define SUPERSECTION_SIZE(1UL << SUPERSECTION_SHIFT)
#define SUPERSECTION_MASK(~(SUPERSECTION_SIZE-1))
/*
* "Linux" PTE definitions.
*
* We keep two sets of PTEs - the hardware and the linux version.
* This allows greater flexibility in the way we map the Linux bits
* onto the hardware tables, and allows us to have YOUNG and DIRTY
* bits.
*
* The PTE table pointer refers to the hardware entries; the "Linux"
* entries are stored 1024 bytes below.
*/
#define L_PTE_PRESENT(1 << 0)
#define L_PTE_FILE(1 << 1)/* only when !PRESENT */
#define L_PTE_YOUNG(1 << 1)
#define L_PTE_BUFFERABLE(1 << 2)/* obsolete, matches PTE */
#define L_PTE_CACHEABLE(1 << 3)/* obsolete, matches PTE */
#define L_PTE_DIRTY(1 << 6)
#define L_PTE_WRITE(1 << 7)
#define L_PTE_USER(1 << 8)
#define L_PTE_EXEC(1 << 9)
#define L_PTE_SHARED(1 << 10)/* shared(v6), coherent(xsc3) */
/*
* These are the memory types, defined to be compatible with
* pre-ARMv6 CPUs cacheable and bufferable bits: XXCB
*/
#define L_PTE_MT_UNCACHED(0x00 << 2)/* 0000 */
#define L_PTE_MT_BUFFERABLE(0x01 << 2)/* 0001 */
#define L_PTE_MT_WRITETHROUGH(0x02 << 2)/* 0010 */
#define L_PTE_MT_WRITEBACK(0x03 << 2)/* 0011 */
#define L_PTE_MT_MINICACHE(0x06 << 2)/* 0110 (sa1100, xscale) */
#define L_PTE_MT_WRITEALLOC(0x07 << 2)/* 0111 */
#define L_PTE_MT_DEV_SHARED(0x04 << 2)/* 0100 */
#define L_PTE_MT_DEV_NONSHARED(0x0c << 2)/* 1100 */
#define L_PTE_MT_DEV_WC(0x09 << 2)/* 1001 */
#define L_PTE_MT_DEV_CACHED(0x0b << 2)/* 1011 */
#define L_PTE_MT_MASK(0x0f << 2)
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
/*
* The pgprot_* and protection_map entries will be fixed up in runtime
* to include the cachable and bufferable bits based on memory policy,
* as well as any architecture dependent bits like global/ASID and SMP
* shared mapping bits.
*/
#define _L_PTE_DEFAULTL_PTE_PRESENT | L_PTE_YOUNG
extern pgprot_tpgprot_user;
extern pgprot_tpgprot_kernel;
#define _MOD_PROT(p, b)__pgprot(pgprot_val(p) | (b))
#define PAGE_NONEpgprot_user
#define PAGE_SHARED_MOD_PROT(pgprot_user, L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_WRITE)
#define PAGE_SHARED_EXEC_MOD_PROT(pgprot_user, L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_WRITE | L_PTE_EXEC)
#define PAGE_COPY_MOD_PROT(pgprot_user, L_PTE_USER)
#define PAGE_COPY_EXEC_MOD_PROT(pgprot_user, L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_EXEC)
#define PAGE_READONLY_MOD_PROT(pgprot_user, L_PTE_USER)
#define PAGE_READONLY_EXEC_MOD_PROT(pgprot_user, L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_EXEC)
#define PAGE_KERNELpgprot_kernel
#define PAGE_KERNEL_EXEC_MOD_PROT(pgprot_kernel, L_PTE_EXEC)
#define __PAGE_NONE__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT)
#define __PAGE_SHARED__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT | L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_WRITE)
#define __PAGE_SHARED_EXEC__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT | L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_WRITE | L_PTE_EXEC)
#define __PAGE_COPY__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT | L_PTE_USER)
#define __PAGE_COPY_EXEC__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT | L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_EXEC)
#define __PAGE_READONLY__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT | L_PTE_USER)
#define __PAGE_READONLY_EXEC__pgprot(_L_PTE_DEFAULT | L_PTE_USER | L_PTE_EXEC)
#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
/*
* The table below defines the page protection levels that we insert into our
* Linux page table version. These get translated into the best that the
* architecture can perform. Note that on most ARM hardware:
* 1) We cannot do execute protection
* 2) If we could do execute protection, then read is implied
* 3) write implies read permissions
*/
#define __P000 __PAGE_NONE
#define __P001 __PAGE_READONLY
#define __P010 __PAGE_COPY
#define __P011 __PAGE_COPY
#define __P100 __PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __P101 __PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __P110 __PAGE_COPY_EXEC
#define __P111 __PAGE_COPY_EXEC
#define __S000 __PAGE_NONE
#define __S001 __PAGE_READONLY
#define __S010 __PAGE_SHARED
#define __S011 __PAGE_SHARED
#define __S100 __PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __S101 __PAGE_READONLY_EXEC
#define __S110 __PAGE_SHARED_EXEC
#define __S111 __PAGE_SHARED_EXEC
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
/*
* ZERO_PAGE is a global shared page that is always zero: used
* for zero-mapped memory areas etc..
*/
extern struct page *empty_zero_page;
#define ZERO_PAGE(vaddr)(empty_zero_page)
#define pte_pfn(pte)(pte_val(pte) >> PAGE_SHIFT) /* 获取页表项中的页帧号 */
#define pfn_pte(pfn,prot)(__pte(((pfn) << PAGE_SHIFT) | pgprot_val(prot))) /* 根据页帧号和页面属性，合成页表项 */
#define pte_none(pte)(!pte_val(pte)) /* 判断页表项是否为0 */
#define pte_clear(mm,addr,ptep)set_pte_ext(ptep, __pte(0), 0) /* 清除页表项的值 */
#define pte_page(pte)(pfn_to_page(pte_pfn(pte))) /* 从页表项中提取页帧号，并定位该页帧号对应的页框 */
#define pte_offset_kernel(dir,addr)(pmd_page_vaddr(*(dir)) + __pte_index(addr)) /* 在主内核页表中定位内核地址对应的页表项的虚拟地址 */
#define pte_offset_map(dir,addr)(pmd_page_vaddr(*(dir)) + __pte_index(addr)) /* 在进程页表中定位线性地址对应的页表项的地址，
如果页表保存在高端内存中，那么还为页表建立一个临时内核映射 */
#define pte_offset_map_nested(dir,addr)(pmd_page_vaddr(*(dir)) + __pte_index(addr))
#define pte_unmap(pte)do { } while (0) /* 如果在高端内存中，不解除由 pte_offset_map建立的临时内核映射*/
#define pte_unmap_nested(pte)do { } while (0)
#define set_pte_ext(ptep,pte,ext) cpu_set_pte_ext(ptep,pte,ext) /* 向一个页表项中写入指定的值 */
#define set_pte_at(mm,addr,ptep,pteval) do { \
set_pte_ext(ptep, pteval, (addr) >= TASK_SIZE ? 0 : PTE_EXT_NG); \
} while (0)
/*
* The following only work if pte_present() is true.
* Undefined behaviour if not..
*/
#define pte_present(pte)(pte_val(pte) & L_PTE_PRESENT) /* 页表项是否可用，当页在内存中但是不可读写时置此标志，典型的用途是写时复制 */
#define pte_write(pte)(pte_val(pte) & L_PTE_WRITE) /* 页表项是否有可写标志 */
#define pte_dirty(pte)(pte_val(pte) & L_PTE_DIRTY) /* 页表项是否为脏 */
#define pte_young(pte)(pte_val(pte) & L_PTE_YOUNG) /* 页表项是否表示最近没有被访问过 */
#define pte_special(pte)(0)
/*
* The following only works if pte_present() is not true.
*/
#define pte_file(pte)(pte_val(pte) & L_PTE_FILE)
#define pte_to_pgoff(x)(pte_val(x) >> 2) /* 当页表项映射到文件，并且没有装载进内存时，从页表项中提取文件页号 */
#define pgoff_to_pte(x)__pte(((x) << 2) | L_PTE_FILE) /* 将页面映射的页号存放到页表项中 */
#define PTE_FILE_MAX_BITS30
#define PTE_BIT_FUNC(fn,op) \
static inline pte_t pte_##fn(pte_t pte) { pte_val(pte) op; return pte; }
PTE_BIT_FUNC(wrprotect, &= ~L_PTE_WRITE);
PTE_BIT_FUNC(mkwrite, |= L_PTE_WRITE);
PTE_BIT_FUNC(mkclean, &= ~L_PTE_DIRTY);
PTE_BIT_FUNC(mkdirty, |= L_PTE_DIRTY);
PTE_BIT_FUNC(mkold, &= ~L_PTE_YOUNG);
PTE_BIT_FUNC(mkyoung, |= L_PTE_YOUNG);
static inline pte_t pte_mkspecial(pte_t pte) { return pte; }
/*
* Mark the prot value as uncacheable and unbufferable.
*/
#define pgprot_noncached(prot) \
__pgprot((pgprot_val(prot) & ~L_PTE_MT_MASK) | L_PTE_MT_UNCACHED)
#define pgprot_writecombine(prot) \
__pgprot((pgprot_val(prot) & ~L_PTE_MT_MASK) | L_PTE_MT_BUFFERABLE)
#define pmd_none(pmd)(!pmd_val(pmd))
#define pmd_present(pmd)(pmd_val(pmd))
#define pmd_bad(pmd)(pmd_val(pmd) & 2) /* 检查页中间目录项是否指向不可用的页表 */
#define copy_pmd(pmdpd,pmdps)\
do {\
pmdpd[0] = pmdps[0];\
pmdpd[1] = pmdps[1];\
flush_pmd_entry(pmdpd);\
} while (0)
#define pmd_clear(pmdp)\
do {\
pmdp[0] = __pmd(0);\
pmdp[1] = __pmd(0);\
clean_pmd_entry(pmdp);\
} while (0)
static inline pte_t *pmd_page_vaddr(pmd_t pmd)
{
unsigned long ptr;
ptr = pmd_val(pmd) & ~(PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(void *) - 1);
ptr += PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(void *);
return __va(ptr);
}
#define pmd_page(pmd) virt_to_page(__va(pmd_val(pmd))) /* 获得页中间目录指向的页表页面 */
/*
* Conversion functions: convert a page and protection to a page entry,
* and a page entry and page directory to the page they refer to.
*/
#define mk_pte(page,prot)pfn_pte(page_to_pfn(page),prot) /* 根据页框和页面属性，合成页表项 */
/*
* The "pgd_xxx()" functions here are trivial for a folded two-level
* setup: the pgd is never bad, and a pmd always exists (as it's folded
* into the pgd entry)
*/
#define pgd_none(pgd)(0)
#define pgd_bad(pgd)(0)
#define pgd_present(pgd)(1)
#define pgd_clear(pgdp)do { } while (0)
#define set_pgd(pgd,pgdp)do { } while (0)
/* to find an entry in a page-table-directory */
#define pgd_index(addr)((addr) >> PGDIR_SHIFT) /* 虚拟地址在页全局目录中索引 */
#define pgd_offset(mm, addr)((mm)->pgd+pgd_index(addr)) /* 计算一个进程用户态地址对应的页全局目录项地址*/
/* to find an entry in a kernel page-table-directory */
#define pgd_offset_k(addr)pgd_offset(&init_mm, addr) /* 计算内核态地址在页全局目录项地址 */
/* Find an entry in the second-level page table.. */
#define pmd_offset(dir, addr)((pmd_t *)(dir))
/* Find an entry in the third-level page table.. */
#define __pte_index(addr)(((addr) >> PAGE_SHIFT) & (PTRS_PER_PTE - 1)) /* 获得一个线性地址对应的页表项在页表中索引 */
static inline pte_t pte_modify(pte_t pte, pgprot_t newprot)
{
const unsigned long mask = L_PTE_EXEC | L_PTE_WRITE | L_PTE_USER;
pte_val(pte) = (pte_val(pte) & ~mask) | (pgprot_val(newprot) & mask);
return pte;
}
extern pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD]; /* 一级页表存放在虚拟地址swapper_pg_dir处，swapper_pg_dir是系统中4GB虚拟内存空间
的中间(一级/段)页表的虚拟基地址 ，必须是16KB对齐，栈16KB空间，虚拟地址
空间中的某个地址对应(一级/段)描述符在swapper_pg_dir中的位置由该虚拟地址所
在段的基址决定的，是固定的(一级页表有4096个描述符，每个描述符表示1M
的物理空间，而PTRS_PER_PGD等于2048(这是因为pgd_t是8个字节的))*/
/* Encode and decode a swap entry.
*
* We support up to 32GB of swap on 4k machines
*/
#define __swp_type(x)(((x).val >> 2) & 0x7f)
#define __swp_offset(x)((x).val >> 9)
#define __swp_entry(type,offset) ((swp_entry_t) { ((type) << 2) | ((offset) << 9) })
#define __pte_to_swp_entry(pte)((swp_entry_t) { pte_val(pte) })
#define __swp_entry_to_pte(swp)((pte_t) { (swp).val })
/* Needs to be defined here and not in linux/mm.h, as it is arch dependent */
/* FIXME: this is not correct */
#define kern_addr_valid(addr)(1)
#include /*
* We provide our own arch_get_unmapped_area to cope with VIPT caches.
*/
#define HAVE_ARCH_UNMAPPED_AREA
/*
* remap a physical page `pfn' of size `size' with page protection `prot'
* into virtual address `from'
*/
/*为了支持mmap操作，驱动程序需要为它的地址范围建立合适的页表
参数vma是内核根据用户空间传递过来的映射参数即虚拟内存区域，在一定范围内的页将被映射到区域内。
参数addr表示目标用户开始地址
参数pfn为内核物理地址，确切的说应该是虚拟地址应该映射到的物理地址的页面号，实际上就是物理地址
右移PAGE_SHIFT位，在多数请求下，vma结构中的vm_pgoff成员包含了用户需要的值
参数size为映射大小
参数prot为新页所要求的保护属性，驱动程序能够使用vma->vm_page_prot(如果想要把kmalloc申请的内存映射到用户空间，
通常要把相应的内存配置为保留)**/
#define io_remap_pfn_range(vma,from,pfn,size,prot) \
remap_pfn_range(vma, from, pfn, size, prot)
#define pgtable_cache_init() do { } while (0)
#endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
#endif /* _ASMARM_PGTABLE_H */
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