在嵌入式系统的设计中,LED一般直接由CPU的GPIO(通用可编程I/O口)控制。GPIO一般由两组寄存器控制,即一组控制寄存器和一组数据寄存器。控制寄存器可设置GPIO口的工作方式为输入或是输出。当引脚被设置为输出时,向数据寄存器的对应位写入1和0会分别在引脚上产生高电平和低电平;当引脚设置为输入时,读取数据寄存器的对应位可获得引脚上的电平为高或低。
LED设备介于字符设备和块设备之间我们称之为misc(杂设备),其实按linux下的驱动位置来讲还是一种字符设备。代码清单1.1给出了Linux下LED的驱动。
代码清单1.1 Linux操作系统下LED的驱动
1#include .../*包含内核中的多个头文件*/
2/*设备结构体*/
3struct light_dev {
4 struct cdev cdev; /*字符设备cdev结构体*/
5 unsigned char vaule; /*LED亮时为1,熄灭时为0,用户可读写此值*/
6};
7struct light_dev *light_devp;
8int light_major = LIGHT_MAJOR;
9MODULE_AUTHOR("Barry Song <21cnbao@gmail.com>");
10MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
11/*打开和关闭函数*/
12int light_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
13{
14 struct light_dev *dev;
15 /* 获得设备结构体指针 */
16 dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct light_dev, cdev);
17 /* 让设备结构体作为设备的私有信息 */
18 filp->private_data = dev;
19 return 0;
20}
21int light_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
22{
23 return 0;
24}
25/*读写设备:可以不需要 */
26ssize_t light_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,
27 loff_t *f_pos)
28{
29 struct light_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体 */
30 if (copy_to_user(buf, &(dev->value), 1))
31 return -EFAULT;
32 return 1;
33}
34ssize_t light_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,
35loff_t *f_pos)
36{
37 struct light_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
38 if (copy_from_user(&(dev->value), buf, 1))
39 return -EFAULT;
40 /*根据写入的值点亮和熄灭LED*/
41 if (dev->value == 1)
42 light_on();
43 else
44 light_off();
45 return 1;
46}
47/* ioctl函数 */
48int light_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
49 unsigned long arg)
50{
51 struct light_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
52 switch (cmd) {
53 case LIGHT_ON:
54 dev->value = 1;
55 light_on();
56 break;
57 case LIGHT_OFF:
58 dev->value = 0;
59 light_off();
60 break;
61 default:
62 /* 不能支持的命令 */
63 return -ENOTTY;
64 }
65 return 0;
66}
67struct file_operations light_fops = {
68 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
69 .read = light_read,
70 .write = light_write,
71 .ioctl = light_ioctl,
72 .open = light_open,
73 .release = light_release,
74};
75/*设置字符设备cdev结构体*/
76static void light_setup_cdev(struct light_dev *dev, int index)
77{
78 int err, devno = MKDEV(light_major, index);
79 cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &light_fops);
80 dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
81 dev->cdev.ops = &light_fops;
82 err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
83 if (err)
84 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index);
85}
86/*模块加载函数*/
87int light_init(void)
88{
89 int result;
90 dev_t dev = MKDEV(light_major, 0);
91 /* 申请字符设备号*/
92 if (light_major)
93 result = register_chrdev_region(dev, 1, "LED");
94 else {
95 result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev, 0, 1, "LED");
96 light_major = MAJOR(dev);
97 }
98 if (result < 0)
99 return result;
100 /* 分配设备结构体的内存 */
101 light_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct light_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
102 if (!light_devp) {
103 result = -ENOMEM;
104 goto fail_malloc;
105 }
106 memset(light_devp, 0, sizeof(struct light_dev));
107 light_setup_cdev(light_devp, 0);
108 light_gpio_init();
109 return 0;
110fail_malloc:
111 unregister_chrdev_region(dev, light_devp);
112 return result;
113}
114/*模块卸载函数*/
115void light_cleanup(void)
116{
117 cdev_del(&light_devp->cdev); /*删除字符设备结构体*/
118 kfree(light_devp); /*释放在light_init中分配的内存*/
119 unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(light_major, 0), 1); /*删除字符设备*/
120}
121module_init(light_init);
122module_exit(light_cleanup);
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