python手写单例模式_python如何实现单例模式

python如何实现单例模式？下面给大家带来七种不同的方法：

一：staticmethod

代码如下：class Singleton(object):

instance = None

def __init__(self):

raise SyntaxError('can not instance, please use get_instance')

def get_instance():

if Singleton.instance is None:

Singleton.instance = object.__new__(Singleton)

return Singleton.instance

a = Singleton.get_instance()

b = Singleton.get_instance()

print('a id=', id(a))

print('b id=', id(b))

该方法的要点是在__init__抛出异常，禁止通过类来实例化，只能通过静态get_instance函数来获取实例；因为不能通过类来实例化，所以静态get_instance函数中可以通过父类object.__new__来实例化。

二：classmethod

和方法一类似，代码：class Singleton(object):

instance = None

def __init__(self):

raise SyntaxError('can not instance, please use get_instance')

def get_instance(cls):

if Singleton.instance is None:

Singleton.instance = object.__new__(Singleton)

return Singleton.instance

a = Singleton.get_instance()

b = Singleton.get_instance()

print('a id=', id(a))

print('b id=', id(b))

该方法的要点是在__init__抛出异常，禁止通过类来实例化，只能通过静态get_instance函数来获取实例；因为不能通过类来实例化，所以静态get_instance函数中可以通过父类object.__new__来实例化。

三：类属性方法

和方法一类似， 代码：class Singleton(object):

instance = None

def __init__(self):

raise SyntaxError('can not instance, please use get_instance')

def get_instance():

if Singleton.instance is None:

Singleton.instance = object.__new__(Singleton)

return Singleton.instance

a = Singleton.get_instance()

b = Singleton.get_instance()

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

该方法的要点是在__init__抛出异常，禁止通过类来实例化，只能通过静态get_instance函数来获取实例；因为不能通过类来实例化，所以静态get_instance函数中可以通过父类object.__new__来实例化。

四：__new__

常见的方法， 代码如下：class Singleton(object):

instance = None

def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):

if not cls.instance:

# cls.instance = object.__new__(cls, *args)

cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kw)

return cls.instance

a = Singleton()

b = Singleton()

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

五：装饰器

代码如下：def Singleton(cls):

instances = {}

def getinstance():

if cls not in instances:

instances[cls] = cls()

return instances[cls]

return getinstance

class MyClass:

pass

a = MyClass()

b = MyClass()

c = MyClass()

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

print(id(c))

六：元类

python2版：class Singleton(type):

def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):

super(Singleton, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)

cls.instance = None

def __call__(cls, *args):

if cls.instance is None:

cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args)

return cls.instance

class MyClass(object):

__metaclass__ = Singleton

a = MyClass()

b = MyClass()

c = MyClass()

print(id(a))

print(id(b))

print(id(c))

print(a is b)

print(a is c)

或者：class Singleton(type):

def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):

attrs["_instance"] = None

return super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if cls._instance is None:

cls._instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)

return cls._instance

class Foo(object):

__metaclass__ = Singleton

x = Foo()

y = Foo()

print(id(x))

print(id(y))

python3版：class Singleton(type):

def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):

attrs['instance'] = None

return super(Singleton, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)

def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):

if cls.instance is None:

cls.instance = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)

return cls.instance

class Foo(metaclass=Singleton):

pass

x = Foo()

y = Foo()

print(id(x))

print(id(y))

七：名字覆盖

代码如下：class Singleton(object):

def foo(self):

print('foo')

def __call__(self):

return self

Singleton = Singleton()

Singleton.foo()

a = Singleton()

b = Singleton()

print(id(a))

print(id(b))