java线程交替执行_Java synchronized线程交替运行实现过程详解

背景

用两个线程交替输出A-Z和1-26，即一个线程输出A-Z，另一个线程输出1-26

而且是交替形式

线程1输出A——线程二输出1

线程1输出B——线程二输出2

线程1输出C——线程二输出3

以此类推

分析

主要考察线程之间的通信，思路就是创建两个线程

在一个线程输出一个内容之后，自己进入阻塞，去唤醒另一个线程

另一个线程同样，输出一个内容之后，自己进入阻塞，去唤醒另一个线程

代码实现(一)

public class AlternateCover {

public static void main(String[] args) {

final char[] arrLetter = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();

final String[] arrNumber = {"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26"};

threadRun(arrLetter, arrNumber);

}

private static void threadRun(char[] arrLetter,String[] arrNumber){

final Object lock = new Object();// 设置一个锁对象

// print arrNumber

new Thread(() -> {

synchronized (lock) {

for (String a : arrNumber) {

System.out.print( a);

try {

lock.notify();// 唤醒其他等待的线程 此处唤醒 arrLetter

lock.wait();// arrNumber自己进入等待 让出CPU资源和锁资源

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

lock.notify();

}

}, "arrNumber ").start();

// print arrLetter

new Thread(() -> {

synchronized (lock) {// 获取对象锁

for (char a : arrLetter) {

System.out.print(a);

try {

lock.notify();// 唤醒其他等待的线程 此处唤醒 arrNumber

lock.wait();// arrLetter自己进入等待 让出CPU资源和锁资源

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

lock.notify();// 最后那个等待的线程需要被唤醒，否则程序无法结束

}

}, "arrLetter ").start();

}

}

运行一下，确实实现了交替输出，但是多运行几次，就会发现问题

有时候是数字先输出，有时候是字母先输出

即两个线程谁先启动的顺序是不固定的

倘若试题中再加一句，必须要字母先输出，怎么办？

代码实现(二)

/**

* 交替掩护 必须保证大写字母先输出

*/

public class AlternateCover {

public static volatile Boolean flg = false;// 谁先开始的标志 volatile修饰目的是让该值修改对所有线程可见，且防止指令重排序

public static void main(String[] args) {

final char[] arrLetter = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();

final String[] arrNumber = {"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26"};

threadRun(arrLetter, arrNumber);

}

private static void threadRun(char[] arrLetter,String[] arrNumber){

final Object lock = new Object();// 锁对象

// print arrLetter

new Thread(() -> {

synchronized (lock) {

if (!flg){ // 如果flg是false 就将值设为true

flg = true;

}

for (char a : arrLetter) {

System.out.print(a);// 输出内容

try {

lock.notify();// 唤醒在等待的其他线程中的一个(此处也只有另一个)

lock.wait();// 自己进入等待 让出CPU资源和锁资源

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

lock.notify();// 最后那个等待的线程需要被唤醒，否则程序无法结束

}

}, "arrLetter").start();

// print arrNumber

new Thread(() -> {

synchronized (lock) {

if (!flg){// 倘若是该线程先执行，那么flg次数还是false 就先等着

try {

lock.wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

for (String a : arrNumber) {

System.out.print( a);

try {

lock.notify();

lock.wait();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

lock.notify();

}

}, "arrNumber").start();

}

}

如此问题可以得到解决，但有更优(装)雅(B)的解决办法

CountDownLatch实现

/**

* 交替掩护 必须保证大写字母先输出

*/

public class AlternateCover {

private static CountDownLatch count = new CountDownLatch(1);// 计数器容量为1

public static void main(String[] args) {

final char[] arrLetter = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();

final String[] arrNumber = {"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","20","21","22","23","24","25","26"};

threadRun(arrLetter, arrNumber);

}

private static void threadRun(char[] arrLetter,String[] arrNumber){

final Object lock = new Object();

// print arrLetter

new Thread(() -> {

synchronized (lock) {// 获取对象锁

count.countDown();// 对计数器进行递减1操作，当计数器递减至0时，当前线程会去唤醒阻塞队列里的所有线程(只针对count)

for (char a : arrLetter) {

System.out.print(a);

try {

lock.notify();// 唤醒其他等待的线程 此处唤醒 arrNumber

lock.wait();// arrLetter自己进入等待 让出CPU资源和锁资源

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

lock.notify();// 最后那个等待的线程需要被唤醒，否则程序无法结束

}

}, "arrLetter ").start();

// print arrNumber

new Thread(() -> {

synchronized (lock) {

try {

count.await();// 如果该线程先执行 阻塞当前线程，将当前线程加入阻塞队列

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

for (String a : arrNumber) {

System.out.print( a);

try {

lock.notify();// 唤醒其他等待的线程 此处唤醒 arrLetter

lock.wait();// arrNumber自己进入等待 让出CPU资源和锁资源

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

lock.notify();

}

}, "arrNumber ").start();

}

}

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