java单线程single_Java多线程基础（三）——Single Threaded Execution模式

一、定义

Single Threaded Execution 是指“以1个线程执行”的意思，有时也称为Critical Section(临界区)。

二、模式案例

案例：

假设有三个人，频繁地通过一扇门，规定每次只能通过一个人，当通过一个人时，程序会将通过的总人次加1，同时记录该次通过人的姓名和出生地。

门的定义：

public class Gate {

private int counter = 0;

private String name = "Nobody";

private String address = "Nowhere";

public void pass(String name, String address) {

this.counter++;

this.name = name;

this.address = address;

check();

}

private void check() {

if (name.charAt(0) != address.charAt(0)) {

System.out.println("***** BROKEN ***** " + toString());

}

}

public String toString() {

return "No." + counter + ": " + name + ", " + address;

}

}

人的定义：

public class UserThread extends Thread {

private final Gate gate;

private final String myname;

private final String myaddress;

public UserThread(Gate gate, String myname, String myaddress) {

this.gate = gate;

this.myname = myname;

this.myaddress = myaddress;

}

public void run() {

System.out.println(myname + " BEGIN");

while (true) {

gate.pass(myname, myaddress);

}

}

}

```

*执行：*

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Testing Gate, hit CTRL+C to exit.");

Gate gate = new Gate();

new UserThread(gate, "Alice", "Alaska").start();

new UserThread(gate, "Bobby", "Brazil").start();

new UserThread(gate, "Chris", "Canada").start();

}

}

`

结果：

Testing Gate, hit CTRL+C to exit.

Alice BEGIN

Bobby BEGIN

Chris BEGIN

***** BROKEN ***** No.3: Chris, Alaska

***** BROKEN ***** No.3: Chris, Alaska

***** BROKEN ***** No.3: Chris, Alaska

***** BROKEN ***** No.6: Alice, Canada

***** BROKEN ***** No.6: Alice, Canada

***** BROKEN ***** No.6: Alice, Canada

***** BROKEN ***** No.9: Bobby, Brazil

***** BROKEN ***** No.10: Bobby, Alaska

分析：

可以看到，上述Gate类并非线程安全的，因为pass方法会被多个线程同时调用，且该方法中会修改Gate类字段的值。

优化：

//将Gate类变为线程安全的类：

public class Gate {

private int counter = 0;

private String name = "Nobody";

private String address = "Nowhere";

public synchronized void pass(String name, String address) {

this.counter++;

this.name = name;

this.address = address;

check();

}

public synchronized String toString() {

return "No." + counter + ": " + name + ", " + address;

}

private void check() {

if (name.charAt(0) != address.charAt(0)) {

System.out.println("***** BROKEN ***** " + toString());

}

}

}

三、模式讲解

角色：

Single Threaded Execution 模式的角色如下：

SharedResource(共享资源)参与者

SharedResource就是多线线程会同时访问的资源类，该类通常具有2类方法：

①SafeMethod——从多个线程同时调用也不会发生问题的方法

②UnsafeMethod——从多个线程同时调用会发生问题，这类方法需要加以防护，指定只能由单线程访问区域，即临界区(critical section)。