centos7 vi保存退出_Centos 7环境，Python 3安装及常见bug

安装前——源配置

Centos 7默认自带Python 2.7，鉴于一些实验或开发需要Python 3，下面详细介绍Centos 7环境安装Python 3.

对于Centos而言，yum install在线安装在无特殊要求情况可以省去很多麻烦，yum安装的前提是，要找到合适的yum源，阿里、163网易、华为等源都还不错，笔者用得比较多的是EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)，EPEL源配置如下：

yum install epel-release -y
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

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在线安装Python 3

在配置好yum源后，可以使用在线安装，安装Python，该安装方式简单，可搭建简单Python环境，但对于后期导入应用模块，麻烦过大，笔者不推荐.

yum安装：

yum install -y  python38 python38-setuptools python38-pip

安装完成后，可查看Python版本：

[root@localhost /]# python3 -V
Python 3.8.3
[root@localhost /]# python -V
Python 2.7.5

系统默认python命令仍为自带的2.7版本，查看/usr/bin/目录下Python情况：

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         7 Jun 24 15:45 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         9 Jun 24 15:45 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root      7144 Apr  2 21:17 python2.7

不难发现python链接的是python2，此处可将python3链接到python，但笔者不建议更改，因为yum不支持python3，更改后需再更改yum配置，具体更改方法会在文末叙述.

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编译安装Python3

yum配置基础gcc编译环境：

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel gcc automake autoconf libtool make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-dev

yum配置Python3依赖（统一安装，避免后面模块调用报错）：

yum -y install libffi libffi-develg bzip2 bzip2-devel openssl openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses ncurses-devel sqlite sqlite-devel readline readline-devel tk tk-devel gdbm gdbm-devel db4 db4-devel libpcap libpcap-devel xz lzma xz-devel

下载所需的Python版本（笔者使用Python-3.8.3做例），上传服务器或使用wget直接拉取：

Python Mirror​npm.taobao.org

解压Python包，进入文件夹，开始编译安装：

tar -xvf Python-3.8.3.tar.xz
cd Python-3.8.3
./configur --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install

编译安装需要点时间，完成后，建立软连接：

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

查看安装是否正确：

[root@localhost /]# python3 -V
Python 3.8.3
[root@localhost /]# python -V
Python 2.7.5

到此处，Python 3已编译安装完成.

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修改系统默认Python为Python 3

在线与编译安装，为保证yum正常使用，笔者一直未更改系统默认python环境为python3。现更改系统默认python为python3：

查看系统默认python配置:

[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        29 Jun 23 17:42 pip3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         7 Jun 24 15:45 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root         9 Jun 24 15:45 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root      7144 Apr  2 21:17 python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root        34 Jun 24 16:03 python3 -> /usr/local/python3/bin/python3

备份默认python为python2，修改为python3：

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_bak
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

查看默认python配置：

[root@localhost /]# python -V
Python 3.8.3

此处默认python配置已更改为python3，yum已不可用，修改yum配置：

vi /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
try:
import yum
...

修改第一行为python2.7

#!/usr/bin/python2.7
import sys
try:
import yum
...

vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

#! /usr/bin/python
# A very simple external downloader
# Copyright 2011-2012 Zdenek Pavlas
...

修改第一行为python2.7

#! /usr/bin/python2.7
# A very simple external downloader
# Copyright 2011-2012 Zdenek Pavlas
...

此处yum修改已完成，尝试是否正常：

yum clean metadata
yum clean all
yum upgrade

若无报错，yum正常；若报错：

Exiting on user cancel.

此处为Centos yum的bug，修改如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py | grep -n 'elif errcode == 42:'
1558:            elif errcode == 42:

查看elif errcode == 42: 这行代码所在行数为1558行，

vi + 1558 /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/urlgrabber/grabber.py

elif errcode == 42:
# this is probably wrong but ultimately this is what happens
# we have a legit http code and a pycurl 'writer failed' code
# which almost always means something aborted it from outside
# since we cannot know what it is -I'm banking on it being
# a ctrl-c. XXXX - if there's a way of going back two raises to
# figure out what aborted the pycurl process FIXME raise KeyboardInterrupt

注释掉加粗的两行，修改如下：

#elif errcode == 42:
# this is probably wrong but ultimately this is what happens
# we have a legit http code and a pycurl 'writer failed' code
# which almost always means something aborted it from outside
# since we cannot know what it is -I'm banking on it being
# a ctrl-c. XXXX - if there's a way of going back two raises to
# figure out what aborted the pycurl process FIXME #raise KeyboardInterrupt

保存退出后执行：

yum clean metadata
yum clean all
yum upgrade

无报错，问题解决，教程分享至此结束.

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