mac系统安装python3.6后显示仍然为3.7_Mac10.12升级Python3.6后遇到的坑

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-30 00:14:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-30 00:14:18 发布

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文章标签： mac系统安装python3.6后显示仍然为3.7

安装Homebrew

Mac最好能安装Homebrew，这样你安装软件会方便得多，当然也可以手工类似Linux下进行编译安装，这个看个人喜好。

1$ /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

注意：这个命令因github地址调整过一次，因此和大部分文章提到的地址不太一样，可去官网查看https://brew.sh

通过brew安装 Python3.61$ brew install python3

编译安装 Python3.61

7# 如果没有安装wget的可以直接网络下载

$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tgz

$ tar -zxf Python-3.6.1.tgz

$ cd Python-3.6.1

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3

$ make && make install

$ sudo chown -R $(whoami):admin /usr/local

替换配置

因Mac OS X 10.11中引入Rootless机制，作用如下：

/System文件夹下的所有文件都不能被苹果应用以外的程序修改(例如各种安装器和升级部件)

当前的API例如task_for_pid不能在系统进程下被调用了。这意味着以前注入系统进程(Finder、Messages或者系统内核)的程序都不能用了。

rootless依然允许已签名的KEXT内核拓展被载入。而且KEXT可以进行许多无限制的系统及操作。

所以我们不能直接修改/System文件夹下的所有文件, 如果是在OS X 10.11系统下,这里需要先将这个机制关掉。

关闭

重启电脑, 重启过程中按住command+R, 进入恢复模式

选择任意语言，进入选择磁盘界面

在顶部状态栏打开terminal，键入: csrutil disable

重启电脑

开启

重启电脑, 重启过程中按住command+R, 进入恢复模式

选择任意语言，进入选择磁盘界面

在顶部状态栏打开terminal，键入: csrutil enable

重启电脑

25# 通过brew安装的情况下操作如下

$ sudo mv /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions

# 通过编译安装的执行

$ sudo /usr/local/python3 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6

$ sudo chown -R root:wheel /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6

# 更新Current

$ sudo rm /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current

$ sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6 /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current

# 删除系统原有执行文件

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/pydoc

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/python

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/pythonw

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/python-config

$ sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/pydoc3.6 /usr/bin/pydoc

$ sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python

$ sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/pythonw3.6 /usr/bin/pythonw

$ sudo ln -s /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6m-config /usr/bin/python-config

$ echo "PATH='/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin:${PATH}'

export PATH" >> ~/.bash_profile

$ python

Python 3.6.1 (v3.6.1:69c0db5050, Mar 21 2017, 01:21:04)

[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

遇到的问题

pip安装包出现SSL module缺失1

2$ pip install pandas

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not availabl

原因：Apple has deprecated use of the system-supplied OpenSSL libraries and with the latest releases no longer supply the header files needed to build with them. They are very old anyway. So, you need to supply a version of them. The easiest way is to get them from a third-party package manager like Homebrew or MacPorts but you certainly can download an OpenSSL source release from https://www.openssl.org and build the libraries themselves. If you do not have administrator access, you will probably need to modify the OpenSSL build using at least –prefix to install to a non-system location and then rerun Python’s ./configure with CFLAGS and LDFLAGS pointing to the installed location of your OpenSSL.

(大致意思就是说，Apple已经在高版本系统中移除了系统提供的OpenSSL库，新版本不再提供与它们一起构建所需的头文件

3$ export CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

$ export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"

$ pip install pandas

然后卸载pkg包即可。

dtype(‘float64’) to dtype(‘int64’)原因： Python3.x不向下兼容出现TypeError: Cannot cast ufunc subtract output from dtype(‘float64’) to dtype(‘int64’)

解决方案：将数据进行astype(“float64”)转换

如 ARMA(data, order = (p, q)) 转换为

ARMA(data.astype(“float64”), order = (p, q))

‘float’ object cannot be interpreted as an integer原因：Python3.x 因为出现类似

for i in range(100 / 10)的情况，(100 / 10) 得到10.0，如果参与循环就会出现问题。

解决方案：将代码修改为：