目录
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎,基于 Go 语言 并遵从 Apache2.0 协议开源。
Docker 可以让开发者打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个轻量级、可移植的容器中,然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上,也可以实现虚拟化。
1. Docker的应用场景
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Web 应用的自动化打包和发布。
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自动化测试和持续集成、发布。
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在服务型环境中部署和调整数据库或其他的后台应用。
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从头编译或者扩展现有的 OpenShift 或 Cloud Foundry 平台来搭建自己的 PaaS 环境。
2. Docker 的优点
Docker 是一个用于开发,交付和运行应用程序的开放平台。Docker 使您能够将应用程序与基础架构分开,从而可以快速交付软件。借助 Docker,您可以与管理应用程序相同的方式来管理基础架构。通过利用 Docker 的方法来快速交付,测试和部署代码,您可以大大减少编写代码和在生产环境中运行代码之间的延迟。
3. Docker常用命令:
- docker images 查看镜像信息列表 镜像是静态的
- docker ps -a 查看运行中的所有容器
- docker search java 搜索java镜像
- docker pull [images]:[version]从dockerhub拉取指定镜像
- docker run -p 8000:80 -tdi --privileged [imageID] [command] 后台启动docker,并指定宿主机端口和docker映射端口。
-i: 以交互模式运行容器,通常与 -t 同时使用;
-d: 后台运行容器,并返回容器ID;
-t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用;
-P :随机端口映射
-p: 指定端口映射
示例:docker run java /bin/echo 'hello world'
- 当镜像通过run 启动后,便会载入到一个动态的container(容器)中运行,此时若需要进入终端交互模式:
sudo docker exec -it [containerID] /bin/bash
交互模式中,使用 ctrl+p+q退出交互 保持运行,使用 exit命令退出并停止容器。
- 在容器非交互模式下,通过docker start/stop [containerID] 命令来启动/停止已部署的容器服务。
- docker rm [containerID] 删除容器
- docker rmi [imageID] 删除镜像
- docker --help 当对命令存在疑问时,请使用该命令,最强大,会告诉你一切
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default
"/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level
("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal")
(default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA
(default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default
"/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default
"/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
builder Manage builds
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
engine Manage the docker engine
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
deploy Deploy a new stack or update an existing stack
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.