ubuntu系统安装python3的编程环境_WSL Ubuntu18.04 搭建python3开发环境

win10系统下进行Python相关开发工作时, 常常会遇到一些诸如包安装失败之类的问题, 所幸通过win10专业版的**WSL**(Windows Subsystem for Linux)功能, 可以将Ubuntu或其他Linux发行版作为子系统运行, 通过bash或X-Window等方式访问Linux子系统, 为开发带来了不小的便利. 通过WSL可以搭建Python数据科学或爬虫开发环境都十分方便, 以下是环境搭建搭建过程记录.

## 修改apt源为阿里云源

```sh

# 国内访问官方apt源速度不佳, 所以将其换成阿里云源.

# 备份/etc/apt/sources.list

$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bakcat /etc/apt/sources.list.bak >> /etc/apt/sources.list

$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

# 修改sources.list中的内容为:

deb Index of /ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src Index of /ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

```

## 安装zsh

```

$ sudo apt-get install zsh

```

## 安装 oh-my-zsh

``` sh

# 为 zsh 增加语法高亮等功能, 使其美观易用

```

## 安装pip3

```sh

# Python包管理工具

$ sudo apt-get -y install python3-pip

```

## 为指定Python3安装pip

```

python3.7 get-pip.py --user

# 路径添加到path

$ python3.7 -m site --user-base

$ python3 -m site --user-base

/home/oratun/

$ sudo vim ~/.bashrc

# 在末尾加上

PATH="$PATH:/home/ora/.local/bin"

```

## 解决pipenv lock速度慢

pypi官方源在国外, 国内连通性低, 会导致pipenv install [package] 后lock时速度很慢甚至不成

功, 解决办法同样是替换为国内的阿里云源

```

$ vim ~/.pip/Pipfile

# 修改url

```

## 安装pyspider安装依赖pycurl出现问题

```sh

问题:

Could not run curl-config: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

解决方法:

$ sudo apt-get install libcurl4-gnutls-dev

问题:

error: command 'x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit status 1

解决方法:

$ sudo apt-get install libghc-gnutls-dev

```

## 安装phantomjs

```sh

$ sudo apt-get install phantomjs

问题: pyspider Could not connect to any X display.

解决方法:

$ vim .profile

# 末尾加上

export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen

```

## 安装 mongodb 数据库

```

$ sudo apt-key add server-4.0.ascecho "deb [ arch=amd64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu bionic/mongodb-org/4.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.0.list

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install -y mongodb

# 启动mogodb

$ sudo service mongodb start

# 如果使用mongodb官网上的命令sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org进行安装将无法使用以上命令启动服务

```

## 使用软连接将python指向python3

```

$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

$ python -V

python3.6.7

```