如何在Python中使用自定义消息引发相同的Exception?
我的代码中有这个ValueError块:
try:
do_something_that_might_raise_an_exception()
except ValueError as err:
errmsg = 'My custom error message.'
raise ValueError(errmsg)
严格来说,我实际上是在筹集另一个ValueError,而不是由ValueError引发的ValueError,在这种情况下称为err。 如何将自定义信息附加到err? 我尝试以下代码但由于err,一个ValueError实例失败,因此无法调用:
try:
do_something_that_might_raise_an_exception()
except ValueError as err:
errmsg = 'My custom error message.'
raise err(errmsg)
Kit asked 2019-07-25T23:42:40Z
10个解决方案
110 votes
我意识到这个问题已经存在了一段时间,但是一旦你足够幸运只支持python 3.x,这真的变得美丽了:)
来自
我们可以使用raise from来链接异常。
try:
1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
raise Exception('Smelly socks') from e
在这种情况下,调用者将捕获的异常具有我们引发异常的地方的行号。
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 2, in
1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in
raise Exception('Smelly socks') from e
Exception: Smelly socks
注意底部异常只有我们引发异常的堆栈跟踪。 您的调用者仍然可以通过访问他们捕获的异常的__cause__属性来获取原始异常。
with_traceback
或者你可以使用with_traceback。
try:
1 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
raise Exception('Smelly socks').with_traceback(e.__traceback__)
使用此表单,调用者将捕获的异常具有发生原始错误的位置的回溯。
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 2, in
1 / 0
ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in
raise Exception('Smelly socks').with_traceback(e.__traceback__)
File "test.py", line 2, in
1 / 0
Exception: Smelly socks
请注意,底部异常具有我们执行无效除法的行以及我们重新加载异常的行。
Ben answered 2019-07-25T23:44:56Z
71 votes
更新:对于Python 3,请查看Ben的答案
要将消息附加到当前异常并重新引发它:(外部尝试/除了只是为了显示效果)
对于python 2.x,其中x> = 6:
try:
try:
raise ValueError # something bad...
except ValueError as err:
err.message=err.message+" hello"
raise # re-raise current exception
except ValueError as e:
print(" got error of type "+ str(type(e))+" with message " +e.message)
如果ValueError是从ValueError派生的,这也将是正确的。例如.message。
请注意,您可以添加任何您喜欢的内容到.message.例如,ValueError。
编辑:@Ducan在评论中指出以上不适用于python 3,因为.message不是ValueError的成员。相反,你可以使用它(有效的python 2.6或更高版本或3.x):
try:
try:
raise ValueError
except ValueError as err:
if not err.args:
err.args=('',)
err.args = err.args + ("hello",)
raise
except ValueError as e:
print(" error was "+ str(type(e))+str(e.args))
EDIT2:
根据目的,您还可以选择在自己的变量名称下添加额外信息。 对于python2和python3:
try:
try:
raise ValueError
except ValueError as err:
err.extra_info = "hello"
raise
except ValueError as e:
print(" error was "+ str(type(e))+str(e))
if 'extra_info' in dir(e):
print e.extra_info
Johan Lundberg answered 2019-07-25T23:43:36Z
7 votes
try:
try:
int('a')
except ValueError as e:
raise ValueError('There is a problem: {0}'.format(e))
except ValueError as err:
print err
打印:
There is a problem: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'a'
eumiro answered 2019-07-25T23:45:16Z
5 votes
似乎所有答案都是向e.args [0]添加信息,从而改变了现有的错误信息。 相反,扩展args元组是否有缺点? 我认为可能的好处是,您可以单独保留原始错误消息,以用于需要解析该字符串的情况; 如果您的自定义错误处理产生了多个消息或错误代码,并且可以通过编程方式解析回溯(例如通过系统监视工具),则可以向元组添加多个元素。
## Approach #1, if the exception may not be derived from Exception and well-behaved:
def to_int(x):
try:
return int(x)
except Exception as e:
e.args = (e.args if e.args else tuple()) + ('Custom message',)
raise
>>> to_int('12')
12
>>> to_int('12 monkeys')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "", line 3, in to_int
ValueError: ("invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12 monkeys'", 'Custom message')
要么
## Approach #2, if the exception is always derived from Exception and well-behaved:
def to_int(x):
try:
return int(x)
except Exception as e:
e.args += ('Custom message',)
raise
>>> to_int('12')
12
>>> to_int('12 monkeys')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
File "", line 3, in to_int
ValueError: ("invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12 monkeys'", 'Custom message')
你能看到这种方法的缺点吗?
Chris Johnson answered 2019-07-25T23:45:51Z
2 votes
此代码模板应允许您使用自定义消息引发异常。
try:
raise ValueError
except ValueError as err:
raise type(err)("my message")
Ruggero Turra answered 2019-07-25T23:46:17Z
2 votes
这是我用来修改Python 2.7和3.x中的异常消息同时保留原始回溯的函数。 它需要six
def reraise_modify(caught_exc, append_msg, prepend=False):
"""Append message to exception while preserving attributes.
Preserves exception class, and exception traceback.
Note:
This function needs to be called inside an except because
`sys.exc_info()` requires the exception context.
Args:
caught_exc(Exception): The caught exception object
append_msg(str): The message to append to the caught exception
prepend(bool): If True prepend the message to args instead of appending
Returns:
None
Side Effects:
Re-raises the exception with the preserved data / trace but
modified message
"""
ExceptClass = type(caught_exc)
# Keep old traceback
traceback = sys.exc_info()[2]
if not caught_exc.args:
# If no args, create our own tuple
arg_list = [append_msg]
else:
# Take the last arg
# If it is a string
# append your message.
# Otherwise append it to the
# arg list(Not as pretty)
arg_list = list(caught_exc.args[:-1])
last_arg = caught_exc.args[-1]
if isinstance(last_arg, str):
if prepend:
arg_list.append(append_msg + last_arg)
else:
arg_list.append(last_arg + append_msg)
else:
arg_list += [last_arg, append_msg]
caught_exc.args = tuple(arg_list)
six.reraise(ExceptClass,
caught_exc,
traceback)
Bryce Guinta answered 2019-07-25T23:46:43Z
1 votes
Python 3内置异常有strerror字段:
except ValueError as err:
err.strerror = "New error message"
raise err
user3761308 answered 2019-07-25T23:47:09Z
1 votes
使用您的错误消息引发新异常
raise Exception('your error message')
要么
raise ValueError('your error message')
在您想要引发它的地方或使用'from'将错误消息附加(替换)到当前异常中:
except ValueError as e:
raise ValueError('your message') from e
Alexey Antonenko answered 2019-07-25T23:47:44Z
0 votes
当前的答案对我来说效果不好,如果没有重新捕获异常,则不会显示附加的消息。
但是,无论是否重新捕获异常,执行下面的操作都会保留跟踪并显示附加的消息。
try:
raise ValueError("Original message")
except ValueError as err:
t, v, tb = sys.exc_info()
raise t, ValueError(err.message + " Appended Info"), tb
(我使用的是Python 2.7,还没有在Python 3中尝试过)
Zitrax answered 2019-07-25T23:48:25Z
-2 votes
如果要自定义错误类型,您可以做的一件简单事情是基于ValueError定义错误类。
igni answered 2019-07-25T23:48:51Z