c扩展php 对象,PHP扩展开发之面向对象

本章内容

本章主要介绍如何从扩展层面创建内部类，添加属性和方法。

注册类

在 php 源码中，类是用 zend_class_entry 结构体标志的：

struct _zend_class_entry {

char type;

zend_string *name;

/* class_entry or string depending on ZEND_ACC_LINKED */

union {

zend_class_entry *parent;

zend_string *parent_name;

};

int refcount;

uint32_t ce_flags;

int default_properties_count;

int default_static_members_count;

zval *default_properties_table;

zval *default_static_members_table;

ZEND_MAP_PTR_DEF(zval *, static_members_table);

HashTable function_table;

HashTable properties_info;

HashTable constants_table;

struct _zend_property_info **properties_info_table;

zend_function *constructor;

zend_function *destructor;

zend_function *clone;

zend_function *__get;

zend_function *__set;

zend_function *__unset;

zend_function *__isset;

zend_function *__call;

zend_function *__callstatic;

zend_function *__tostring;

zend_function *__debugInfo;

zend_function *serialize_func;

zend_function *unserialize_func;

/* allocated only if class implements Iterator or IteratorAggregate interface */

zend_class_iterator_funcs *iterator_funcs_ptr;

/* handlers */

union {

zend_object* (*create_object)(zend_class_entry *class_type);

int (*interface_gets_implemented)(zend_class_entry *iface, zend_class_entry *class_type); /* a class implements this interface */

};

zend_object_iterator *(*get_iterator)(zend_class_entry *ce, zval *object, int by_ref);

zend_function *(*get_static_method)(zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string* method);

/* serializer callbacks */

int (*serialize)(zval *object, unsigned char **buffer, size_t *buf_len, zend_serialize_data *data);

int (*unserialize)(zval *object, zend_class_entry *ce, const unsigned char *buf, size_t buf_len, zend_unserialize_data *data);

uint32_t num_interfaces;

uint32_t num_traits;

/* class_entry or string(s) depending on ZEND_ACC_LINKED */

union {

zend_class_entry **interfaces;

zend_class_name *interface_names;

};

zend_class_name *trait_names;

zend_trait_alias **trait_aliases;

zend_trait_precedence **trait_precedences;

union {

struct {

zend_string *filename;

uint32_t line_start;

uint32_t line_end;

zend_string *doc_comment;

} user;

struct {

const struct _zend_function_entry *builtin_functions;

struct _zend_module_entry *module;

} internal;

} info;

};

可以看到里面内容很多，因为 php 的面向对象知识真挺多的。里面字段基本是自解释的，name是类名称，parent 的 union 代表父类，function_table，properties_info，constants_table 为类的方法，属性，常量集合，类型都是 HashTable，另外还有一些 __construct 等魔术方法。

要注册类，使用 zend_register_internal_class_ex 函数生成上述结构体，使用 INIT_CLASS_ENTRY 宏注册类方法，使用 zend_declare_property_* 系列函数定义类属性，这一步骤放在 MINIT hook 里面。

小试牛刀

// purelightme.c MINIT：

#include "class_demo.c";

//...

zend_class_entry ce;

INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce,"Demo",demo_methods);

demo_ce = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce,NULL);

zend_declare_property_null(demo_ce,"name", sizeof("name") - 1,ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC);

zend_declare_property_null(demo_ce,"age",sizeof("age") - 1,ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC);

zend_class_entry ce2;

INIT_CLASS_ENTRY(ce2,"Child",child_methods);

child_ce = zend_register_internal_class_ex(&ce2,demo_ce);

//

// Created by purelightme on 2020/8/27.

//

#include

#include "zend_types.h"

zend_class_entry *demo_ce;

zend_class_entry *child_ce;

PHP_METHOD (Demo, display) {

RETURN_STRING("call Demo::display");

}

PHP_METHOD (Demo, setName) {

zend_string *name;

ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_START(1, 1)

Z_PARAM_STR(name)

ZEND_PARSE_PARAMETERS_END();

zend_update_property_string(demo_ce, getThis(), "name", sizeof("name") - 1, ZSTR_VAL(name));

RETURN_TRUE;

}

const zend_function_entry demo_methods[] = {

ZEND_ME(Demo, display, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)

ZEND_ME(Demo, setName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)

{NULL, NULL, NULL}

};

PHP_METHOD(Child,getName)

{

zval *attr;

attr = zend_read_property(Z_OBJCE_P(getThis()),getThis(),"name", sizeof("name") - 1,0,NULL);

if (Z_TYPE_P(attr) == IS_STRING){

RETURN_STR(Z_STR_P(attr));

} else{

RETURN_NULL();

}

}

const zend_function_entry child_methods[] = {

ZEND_ME(Child, getName, NULL, ZEND_ACC_PUBLIC)

{NULL, NULL, NULL}

};

定义了两个类，Demo 和 Child ，Demo 是 Child 的父类，Demo 有 name 和 age 两个属性和 setName 方法，setName 使用 zend_update_property_string 更新对象属性；Child 有 getName 方法，getName 使用 zend_read_property 获取对象属性；这两个操作对象属性的函数在源码 Zend/zend_API.c 里面，该文件还定义了许多操作对象属性的函数。

测试一下

$demo = new Demo();

$demo->name = '张三';

$demo->age = 25;

$demo->setName('李四');

var_dump($demo->name);

var_dump($demo->age);

var_dump($demo->display());

$child = new Child();

$child->setName('哈哈测试34');

var_dump($child->getName());

19.1.png

总结

目前了解的这些已经可以用于基础的类封装了，其余的特性还没接触到，等后面需要再封装，而且我们可以用 php 代码去实现，所以我觉得在 c 层面了解这些基础的类封装已经够用了。不过可以研究下源码，有利于掌握 php 的面向对象一些知识，比如静态属性，类常量等等。

2020-08-30