1.collections.defaultdict 类
from collections import defaultdict
2.collections.defaultdict 类与工厂函数dict比较:
(1) 众所周知,在Python中如果访问dict字典中不存在的键,会引发KeyError异常。但是有时候,字典中的每个键都存在默认值是非常方便的。defaultdict可以避免KeyError异常。
# 1-dict()
strings = ('puppy', 'kitten', 'puppy', 'puppy',
'weasel', 'puppy', 'kitten', 'puppy')
counts = {}
for kw in strings:
counts[kw] += 1
# 1-dict()
strings = ('puppy', 'kitten', 'puppy', 'puppy',
'weasel', 'puppy', 'kitten', 'puppy')
counts = {}
for kw in strings:
counts[kw] += 1
# 报错
#Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "C:\Users\summer\Desktop\demo.py", line 5, in
# counts[kw] += 1
#KeyError: 'puppy'
# 2-defaultdict()
from collections import defaultdict
strings = ('puppy', 'kitten', 'puppy', 'puppy',
'weasel', 'puppy', 'kitten', 'puppy')
counts = defaultdict(int)
for kw in strings:
counts[kw] += 1
print(counts)
# defaultdict(, {'puppy': 5, 'kitten': 2, 'weasel': 1})
(2)default_factory 接收一个工厂函数作为参数, 例如int str list set等.
defaultdict类的初始化函数接受一个类型作为参数,当所访问的键不存在的时候,可以实例化一个值作为默认值默认值的类型由工厂函数决定。
from collections import defaultdict
dic1 = defaultdict(int)
print(dic1['a'])
dic2 = defaultdict(list)
print(dic2['a'])
dic3 = defaultdict(dict)
print(dic3['a'])
0
[]
{}
(3)返回的是工厂函数的实例,那么就具有了该工厂函数的相应方法