侯捷C++手把手教学：类模板，函数模板，namespace

类模板，class template

template<typename T>
class complex
{
public:
    complex  (T r=0,T i=0)
      :  re(r) ,im(i)
    { }
    complex& operator +=(const complex&);
    T real ()  const  {  return re;  }
    T imag ()  const  {  return im;  }
private:
    T re,im;
    friend complex& _doapl(complex*,const complex&);
};


{
    complex<double> c1(2.5,1.5);  //由用户指定类型
    complex<int> c2(2，6）；
    ...
}

函数模板,function template

template <class T>
inline
const T& min(const T& a,const T& b)
{
    return b < a ? b:a;
}

stone r1(2,3),r2(3,3),r3;
r3=min(r1,r2);

编译器会对function template进行实参推导（argument deduction）
实参推导的结果，T为stone，于是调用stone::operator<

class stone
{
public:
    stone(int w,int h,int we)
      :_w(w),_h(h),_weight(we)
        {  }
    bool operator< (const stone& rhs) const
        {  return _weight < rhs.weight;  }
private:
    int _w,_h,_weight;
};

namespace

using namespace std;
//..................................................
#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
namespace jj01
{
    void test_member_template()
    { .... }
}
//..................................................
#include<iostream>
#include<list>
namespace jj02
{
    template<typename T>
    using Lst=list<T,allocator<T>>;
    void test_template_param()
    {   ......  }
}
//.................................................

int main(int argc,char** argv)
{
    jj01::test_member_template();
    jj02::test_template_template_param();
}