语法填空解题技巧
语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中,在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上,挖去10个空所为,这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。
从近三年高考来看,语法填空的考点分布如下:
一、有提示词类:设置7个小题
高频考点 | 谓语动词 | 1~2题:考查时态、语态及主谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题,答案最多三个单词。 |
非谓语动词 | 1~3题:考查不定式、动名词与分词,每种最多设1题。 | |
派生词 | 1~3题:考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。 | |
名词 | 0~1题:主要考查可数名词的复数,也可能会考查名词的所有格。 | |
形容词和副词类 | 0~1题:主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换,以及其比较级或最高级。 | |
低频考点 | 代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。 |
高频 考点 | 介词 | 0~1题:重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词,一般不涉及短语介词。 |
冠词 | 0~1题:重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词,一般不涉及零冠词。 | |
从属关联词 | 0~2题:侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。 | |
低频 考点 | 并列连词 | 0~1题:并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。 |
其他 | 0~1题:包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do,does,did;构成部分倒装的do,does,did;构成一般疑问句的do,does,did),构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词(before,ago,however,anyway...)等。 |
【思维流程】
[示例1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing. 分析: 分析句子结构可知,缺少谓语,故应填谓语动词。由时间状语 “In recent years”可知,句子用现在完成时; 再由主语“some Inuit people”可知,谓语动词应用复数形式,故谓语动词用have reported。 [示例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68. (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke. 分析: 分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词 got,空处应填非谓语动词。 再由句意可知,say与前面的a call之间是主动关系,故用现在分词短语saying...作后置定语,修饰a call。 二 如何应对提示词为其他词题 【思维流程】 [示例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. (cause). 分析: cause表示“原因,起因”时是可数名词,且前面有all修饰,故填cause的复数形式causes。 [示例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67. (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists. 分析: 所填词修饰名词 stories,故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。 [示例3] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62. (poor) studied. 分析: 此处修饰动词 studied,故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。 [示例4] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68. (high) than they actually are. 分析: 根据空格后的 than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。 [示例5] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68. (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm. 分析: 分析句子结构可知,此处作 find的宾语,alive为宾语补足语,故此处要用人称代词的宾格。 故填them。 [示例6] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68. (it) mother. 分析: 根据空格后的名词 mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此处作定语,要用形容词性物主代词its。 三 如何应对纯空格题 【思维流程】 [示例1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s. 分析: a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。 [示例2] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching 67. these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. 分析: search for意为“寻找”,为固定搭配,故填介词for。 [示例3] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining,six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 分析: 此处特指确认的 19个北极熊亚种群,故用定冠词the。 [示例4] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed,we thought it was 69. joke. 分析: joke“笑话,玩笑”,是可数名词。 空格后用了单数joke,故其前用a。 [示例5] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using 67. every day. 分析: 指代前句中的 the railway,故填it。 [示例6] (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia,especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,61. Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 分析: 这里列举了亚洲的一些国家,它们为并列关系,应用 and。 [示例7] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62. she opened with her late husband Les. 分析: 分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句, the pet shop是先行词,定语从句中缺少opened的宾语,故用which。 [示例8] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 分析: 分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明 evidence的具体内容,从句不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。—END—
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