linux正则表达式_「Linux各种坑」四剑客和正则表达式常见故障及困惑集合-CSDN博客

一. find命令:

warning警告

-maxdepth 这个参数要放在其他参数之前。

 [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find / -type d -maxdepth 1 find: warning: you have specified the -maxdepth option after a non-option argument -type, but options are not positional (-maxdepth affects tests specified before it as well as those specified after it).  Please specify options before other arguments.  / /boot /dev /proc /run /sys /etc /root /var /tmp /usr /home /media /mnt /opt /srv /old /oldboy /lidao /oldwang /newwang /data /tmp01 [root@oldboyedu59 ~]#  [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find /  -maxdepth 1 -type d  / /boot /dev /proc /run /sys /etc /root /var /tmp /usr /home /media /mnt /opt /srv /old /oldboy /lidao /oldwang /newwang /data /tmp01

参数书写错误

Expected a positive decimal integer argument to -maxdepth, but got ‘-type’ 发现了一个-maxdepth这个参数后面应该加上数字，但是却找到了-type

 [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find /etc/ -maxdepth   -type f  -iname "*.conf" find: Expected a positive decimal integer argument to -maxdepth, but got ‘-type’

参数书写错误

Arguments to -type should contain only one letter -type的参数应该只是一个字母

 [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find /etc/ -maxdepth 1  -type   -iname "*.conf"  find: Arguments to -type should contain only one letter

Invalid argument 无效的参数

不支持小数，使用整数

 [root@oldboy001 ~]# find /tmp/ -size -0.5k find: Invalid argument `-0.5k' to -size

will not overwrite just-created

不会覆盖刚刚创建的文件不同目录下可能有相同的文件

模拟错误：

 [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch   /oldboy/oldboy.txt  /oldboy/lidao/oldboy.txt  [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find  /oldboy/ -name 'oldboy.txt'  /oldboy/lidao/oldboy.txt /oldboy/oldboy.txt [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find  /oldboy/ -name 'oldboy.txt' |xargs cp -t /tmp  cp: will not overwrite just-created ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’ with ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’

 [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# find /etc/ -type f -name "*.conf"  |xargs cp -t /tmp/ cp: will not overwrite just-created ‘/tmp/system.conf’ with ‘/etc/dbus-1/system.conf’ cp: will not overwrite just-created ‘/tmp/wpa_supplicant.conf’ with ‘/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf’

二. 正则表达式部分

1.正则-中括号里面的 ,逗号

 grep  '[a-zA-Z]' oldboy.txt grep  '[a-z,A-Z]' oldboy.txt

2.正则表达式中括号 [] 里面写入什么(除了第1位的^)就匹配什么

 [root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# cat  oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux.  I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com  our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com  my qq is 49000448  not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!  ...???$$$$^^&^ [root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# grep '[mn.]' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com  our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com  my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!  ...???$$$$^^&^

3.

 grep '^[mon][mo.]$' /tmp/oldboy

每一行只有2个字符

4. mno 神马意思？

grep '[^m^n^o]' oldboy.txt [^]表示取反但是^必须在中括号里面的第1个位置 '[mn^o]' 表示排除m或n或o或^(尖号)

 [root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# cat oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux.  I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com  our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com  my qq is 49000448  not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!  ...???$$$$^^&^ [root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# grep '[^m^n^o]' oldboy.txt  I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com  our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com  my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!  ...???$$$$^^&^

5.abc vs grep -v

名称含义[^abc]字符不要a或b或cgrep -v行排除某一行

 [root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# grep -v 'oldboy' oldboy.txt I teach linux.  I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my qq is 49000448  not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!  ...???$$$$^^&^ [root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# grep  '[^a-Z]' oldboy.txt I am oldboy teacher! I teach linux. I like badminton ball ,billiard ball and chinese chess! my blog is http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com  our size is http://blog.oldboyedu.com  my qq is 49000448 not 4900000448. my god ,i am not oldbey,but OLDBOY!  ...???$$$$^^&^

6.[abc] vs a|b|c

名称含义[abc]表示字符的或者匹配a或b或ca|b|c表示字母也可以表示单词oldboy|oldgirl

7.grep '$' oldboy.txt

grep '$' oldboy.txt

三.sed命令错误集合

invalid usage of line address 0

无效的行号

[root@oldboyedu59 /oldboy]# sed -n '0,5p' lidao.txtsed: -e expression #1, char 4: invalid usage of line address 0

Unmatched

不成对的 ( (小括号)

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# stat /etc/hosts |sed -n 4p |sed -r 's#^.*(0##g'sed: -e expression #1, char 10: Unmatched ( or (

stat /etc/hosts |sed -n 4p |sed -r 's#(^.*0)(.*)(/-.*$)#2#g'   老师，这个第一个括号里的(^.*)为啥没有贪婪性

四.三剑客awk错误集合

awk

1. awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: division by zero attempted

[root@web01 ~]# x=10[root@web01 ~]# y=3[root@web01 ~]# awk 'BEGIN{print $x/$y}'awk: cmd. line:1: fatal: division by zero attempted[root@web01 ~]# #-v 创建或修改awk变量[root@web01 ~]# awk -vn1=10 -vn2=3  'BEGIN{print n1/n2}'3.33333[root@web01 ~]# awk -vn1=$x -vn2=$y  'BEGIN{print n1/n2}'3.33333[root@web01 ~]#