python变成可执行文件_python 脚本生成为可执行文件

首先写一个简单的python脚本import time

if __name__ == '__main__':

print("hello world")

time.sleep(10)

运行一下看看，如下：

下一步则是将其转为可执行文件。

安装PyInstaller

pip3 install pyinstallerD:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pip3 install pyinstaller

Collecting pyinstaller

Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/03/32/0e0de593f129bf1d1e77eed562496d154ef4460fd5cecfd78612ef39a0cc/PyInstaller-3.4.tar.gz (3.5MB)

100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.5MB 23kB/s

查看 pyinstaller --version 版本D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pyinstaller --version

3.4

使用PyInstaller

首先查看一下helpD:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pyinstaller --help

usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]

[--add-data ]

[--add-binary ] [-p DIR]

[--hidden-import MODULENAME]

[--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]

[--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]

[--key KEY] [-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]] [-s]

[--noupx] [-c] [-w]

[-i ]

[--version-file FILE] [-m ] [-r RESOURCE]

[--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]

[--win-no-prefer-redirects]

[--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]

[--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals]

[--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y]

[--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]

scriptname [scriptname ...]

positional arguments:

scriptname name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one

.spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options

are unnecessary and are ignored.

optional arguments:

-h, --help show this help message and exit

-v, --version Show program version info and exit.

--distpath DIR Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)

--workpath WORKPATH Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz

and etc. (default: .\build)

-y, --noconfirm Replace output directory (default:

SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for

confirmation

--upx-dir UPX_DIR Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution

path)

-a, --ascii Do not include unicode encoding support (default:

included if available)

--clean Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files

before building.

--log-level LEVEL Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL

may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,

CRITICAL (default: INFO).

What to generate:

-D, --onedir Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable

(default)

-F, --onefile Create a one-file bundled executable.

--specpath DIR Folder to store the generated spec file (default:

current directory)

-n NAME, --name NAME Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file

(default: first script's basename)

What to bundle, where to search:

--add-data

Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to

the executable. The path separator is platform

specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows

and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option

can be used multiple times.

--add-binary

Additional binary files to be added to the executable.

See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This

option can be used multiple times.

-p DIR, --paths DIR A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).

Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use

this option multiple times

--hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME

Name an import not visible in the code of the

script(s). This option can be used multiple times.

--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH

An additional path to search for hooks. This option

can be used multiple times.

--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS

Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is

code that is bundled with the executable and is

executed before any other code or module to set up

special features of the runtime environment. This

option can be used multiple times.

--exclude-module EXCLUDES

Optional module or package (the Python name, not the

path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not

found). This option can be used multiple times.

--key KEY The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.

How to generate:

-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}], --debug [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]

Provide assistance with debugging a frozen

application, by specifying one or more of the

following choices.

- all: All three of the below options; this is the

default choice, unless one of the choices below is

specified.

- imports: specify the -v option to the underlying

Python interpreter, causing it to print a message

each time a module is initialized, showing the

place (filename or built-in module) from which it

is loaded. See

https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.

- bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress

messages while initializing and starting the

bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with

missing imports.

- noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python

source files as an archive inside the resulting

executable, store them as files in the resulting

output directory.

-s, --strip Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and

shared libs (not recommended for Windows)

--noupx Do not use UPX even if it is available (works

differently between Windows and *nix)

Windows and Mac OS X specific options:

-c, --console, --nowindowed

Open a console window for standard i/o (default)

-w, --windowed, --noconsole

Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window

for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers

building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored

in *NIX systems.

-i , --icon

FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.

FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.

FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS

X

Windows specific options:

--version-file FILE add a version resource from FILE to the exe

-m , --manifest

add manifest FILE or XML to the exe

-r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE

Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The

RESOURCE is one to four items,

FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file

or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME

must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be

specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the

given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources

from FILE will be added/updated to the final

executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or

specified as wildcard *.This option can be used

multiple times.

--uac-admin Using this option creates a Manifest which will

request elevation upon application restart.

--uac-uiaccess Using this option allows an elevated application to

work with Remote Desktop.

Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):

--win-private-assemblies

Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application

will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means

the exact versions of these assemblies will always be

used, and any newer versions installed on user

machines at the system level will be ignored.

--win-no-prefer-redirects

While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to

bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer

not to follow policies that redirect to newer

versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of

the assembly.

Mac OS X specific options:

--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER

Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default

unique program name for code signing purposes. The

usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS

notation. For example:

com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first

script's basename)

Rarely used special options:

--runtime-tmpdir PATH

Where to extract libraries and support files in

`onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the

bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location

defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder

will be created here. Please use this option only if

you know what you are doing.

--bootloader-ignore-signals

Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than

forwarding them to the child process. Useful in

situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals

both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process

group) to avoid signalling the child twice.

D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>

最简单的用法，在和test.py同目录下执行命令：

pyinstaller test.py然后会看到新增加了两个目录build和dist，dist下面的文件就是可以发布的可执行文件，对于上面的命令你会发现dist目录下面有一堆文件，各种都动态库文件和myscrip可执行文件。有时这样感觉比较麻烦，需要打包dist下面的所有东西才能发布，万一丢掉一个动态库就无法运行了，好在pyInstaller支持单文件模式，只需要执行：

pyinstaller -F test.pyD:\pythonProject\build_excutable>pyinstaller -F test.py

52 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4

52 INFO: Python: 3.7.2

53 INFO: Platform: Windows-10-10.0.17134-SP0

55 INFO: wrote D:\pythonProject\build_excutable\test.spec

58 INFO: UPX is not available.

59 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths

['D:\\pythonProject\\build_excutable', 'D:\\pythonProject\\build_excutable']

59 INFO: checking Analysis

81 INFO: checking PYZ

94 INFO: checking PKG

95 INFO: Building because toc changed

95 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg

1473 INFO: Building PKG (CArchive) PKG-00.pkg completed successfully.

1475 INFO: Bootloader d:\python37\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\bootloader\Windows-64bit\run.exe

1475 INFO: checking EXE

1476 INFO: Rebuilding EXE-00.toc because test.exe missing

1476 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc

1477 INFO: Appending archive to EXE D:\pythonProject\build_excutable\dist\test.exe

1484 INFO: Building EXE from EXE-00.toc completed successfully.

D:\pythonProject\build_excutable>

你会发现dist下面只有一个可执行文件，这个单文件就可以发布了，可以运行在你正在使用的操作系统类似的系统的下面。

运行一下这个可执行文件看看，如下：