python operator模块_python标准库介绍——8 operator 模块详解

==operator 模块==

``operator`` 模块为 Python 提供了一个 "功能性" 的标准操作符接口. 当使用 ``map`` 以及

``filter`` 一类的函数的时候, ``operator`` 模块中的函数可以替换一些 ``lambda`` 函式.

而且这些函数在一些喜欢写晦涩代码的程序员中很流行. [Example 1-62 #eg-1-62] 展示了

``operator`` 模块的一般用法.

====Example 1-62. 使用 operator 模块====[eg-1-62]

```

File: operator-example-1.py

import operator

sequence = 1, 2, 4

print "add", "=>", reduce(operator.add, sequence)

print "sub", "=>", reduce(operator.sub, sequence)

print "mul", "=>", reduce(operator.mul, sequence)

print "concat", "=>", operator.concat("spam", "egg")

print "repeat", "=>", operator.repeat("spam", 5)

print "getitem", "=>", operator.getitem(sequence, 2)

print "indexOf", "=>", operator.indexOf(sequence, 2)

print "sequenceIncludes", "=>", operator.sequenceIncludes(sequence, 3)

*B*add => 7

sub => -5

mul => 8

concat => spamegg

repeat => spamspamspamspamspam

getitem => 4

indexOf => 1

sequenceIncludes => 0*b*

```

[Example 1-63 #eg-1-63] 展示了一些可以用于检查对象类型的 ``operator`` 函数.

====Example 1-63. 使用 operator 模块检查类型====[eg-1-63]

```

File: operator-example-2.py

import operator

import UserList

def dump(data):

print type(data), "=>",

if operator.isCallable(data):

print "CALLABLE",

if operator.isMappingType(data):

print "MAPPING",

if operator.isNumberType(data):

print "NUMBER",

if operator.isSequenceType(data):

print "SEQUENCE",

print

dump(0)

dump("string")

dump("string"[0])

dump([1, 2, 3])

dump((1, 2, 3))

dump({"a": 1})

dump(len) # function 函数

dump(UserList) # module 模块

dump(UserList.UserList) # class 类

dump(UserList.UserList()) # instance 实例

*B* => NUMBER

=> SEQUENCE

=> SEQUENCE

=> SEQUENCE

=> SEQUENCE

=> MAPPING

=> CALLABLE

=>

=> CALLABLE

=> MAPPING NUMBER SEQUENCE*b*

```

这里需要注意 ``operator`` 模块使用非常规的方法处理对象实例. 所以使用

``isNumberType`` , ``isMappingType`` , 以及 ``isSequenceType`` 函数的时候要小心,

这很容易降低代码的扩展性.

同样需要注意的是一个字符串序列成员 (单个字符) 也是序列. 所以当在递归函数使用 isSequenceType 来截断对象树的时候, 别把普通字符串作为参数(或者是任何包含字符串的序列对象).