oracle控制文件快照,Oracle 快照控制文件(snapshot control file)

3、演示生成快照控制文件

--下面查看新的快照控制文件位置无任何文件

sys@USBO> ho ls -hltr /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap

total 0

--生成控制文件快照

--在备份控制文件时会生成控制文件快照，如下

RMAN> backup current controlfile;

Starting backup at 2013/10/15 13:46:03

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=143 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/10/15 13:46:05

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/10/15 13:46:07

piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_10_15/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20131015T134604_95sonxsx_.bkp

tag=TAG20131015T134604 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 2013/10/15 13:46:07

--我们看以看到已经生成了一个控制文件快照时间为13:46

sys@USBO> ho ls -hltr /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap

total 9.4M

-rw-r----- 1 Oracle asmadmin 9.4M Oct 15 13:46 snapcf_usbo.f

--下面我们来备份系统表空间，注意，备份系统表空间时，或者数据库发生结构性变化且开启了控制文件自动备份

--则在备份时即使不指定备份控制文件，控制文件仍然会被自动备份，如下

RMAN> backup tablespace system tag=system_tbs_bak;

Starting backup at 2013/10/15 13:51:30

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u03/database/usbo/oradata/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/10/15 13:51:30

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/10/15 13:52:25

piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_SYSTEM_TBS_BAK_95soz2l6_.bkp

tag=SYSTEM_TBS_BAK comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/10/15 13:52:29

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/10/15 13:52:30

piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_10_15/o1_mf_ncsnf_SYSTEM_TBS_BAK_95sp0x7s_.bkp

tag=SYSTEM_TBS_BAK comment=NONE  --这个备份集就包含了控制文件与spfile文件的自动备份

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2013/10/15 13:52:30

--检查快照控制文件是否被更新，此时文件的时间发生了变化为13:52，如下

sys@USBO> ho ls -hltr /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap

total 9.4M

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9.4M Oct 15 13:52 snapcf_usbo.f

--下面我们来做一个全备，且在全备期间添加一个新的表空间以观察快照控制文件

RMAN> backup database tag=full_bak;

Starting backup at 2013/10/15 14:02:01  --->全备启动时间为14:02:01

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u03/database/usbo/oradata/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u03/database/usbo/oradata/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u03/database/usbo/oradata/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u03/database/usbo/oradata/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/10/15 14:02:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/10/15 14:03:56

piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_10_15/o1_mf_nnndf_FULL_BAK_95splt2p_.bkp tag=FULL_BAK comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2013/10/15 14:04:00

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2013/10/15 14:04:02

piece handle=/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_10_15/o1_mf_ncsnf_FULL_BAK_95sppjj9_.bkp tag=FULL_BAK comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished backup at 2013/10/15 14:04:02

--我们开启另外一个session，此时时间为14:02:08，我们来添加一个表空间

14:02:08 sys@USBO> create tablespace tbs_test datafile '/u03/database/usbo/oradata/tbs_test.dbf' size 5m;

Tablespace created.

14:02:54 sys@USBO>

--Author : Leshami

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--查看控制文件中，新添加的表空间信息已经被追加到控制文件

14:06:05 sys@USBO> ho strings /u03/database/usbo/oradata/control01.ctl | grep tbs_test

/u03/database/usbo/oradata/tbs_test.dbf

--同时新添加的表空间信息同样被追到了快照控制文件

14:07:19 sys@USBO> ho ls -hltr /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap/snapcf_usbo.f

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9.4M Oct 15 14:04 /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap/snapcf_usbo.f

14:07:05 sys@USBO> ho strings /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap/snapcf_usbo.f | grep tbs_test

/u03/database/usbo/oradata/tbs_test.dbf

--对于备份期间控制文件的自动备份呢？

--下面的检查结果表明，自动备份的控制文件中也存在新表空间的信息

14:10:49 sys@USBO> ho strings /u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/backupset/2013_10_15/o1_mf_ncsnf_FULL_BAK_95sppjj9_.bkp | grep tbs_test

/u03/database/usbo/oradata/tbs_test.dbf

--查看数据字典信息，表空间已经被添加

14:10:52 sys@USBO> select file#,name from v$datafile;

FILE# NAME

---------- ------------------------------------------------------------

1 /u03/database/usbo/oradata/system01.dbf

2 /u03/database/usbo/oradata/sysaux01.dbf

3 /u03/database/usbo/oradata/undotbs01.dbf

4 /u03/database/usbo/oradata/users01.dbf

5 /u03/database/usbo/oradata/tbs_test.dbf

--从上面的测试可知，

--a、RMAN 开始备份，Oracle检查控制文件与快照控制文件是否一致(如果不存在，从控制文件提取信息创建)，不一致则刷新快照控制文件。

--b、RMAN从快照控制文件读取信息进行备份，此时快照控制文件并不包含新的表空间，因此备份集中没有tbs_test.dbf

--c、备份完成后进行了控制文件与spfile文件自动备份

--d、刷新了快照控制文件

--e、所以上面的检测中控制文件，快照控制文件，备份的控制文件中都包含新表空间的信息。但却没有备份，因为表空间在备份开始后被添加。

--删除演示的表空间

14:16:07 sys@USBO> drop tablespace tbs_test including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

--将快照控制文件位置调整到缺省路径

RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name clear;

old RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u03/database/usbo/fr_area/USBO/snap/snapcf_usbo.f';

RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value

RMAN> show snapshot controlfile name;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name USBO are:

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/db_1/dbs/snapcf_usbo.f'; # default