MYSQL主从配置(主从热备份)_MySql主从配置(主从热备份)

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-13 18:27:49 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-13 18:27:49 发布

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文章标签： MYSQL主从配置(主从热备份)

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39791322/article/details/113335582

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本文详细介绍了如何在 CentOS 7.5 系统上安装 MySQL 5.7.23，包括创建用户和组、配置数据目录、禁用 Selinux、安装jemalloc、调整配置参数等步骤。接着，文章讲解了如何设置主从复制，包括创建同步用户、配置主库和从库的二进制日志、设置服务器ID、初始化数据库并授权、配置防火墙等操作，确保主从数据库的正常同步。

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环境说明

系统：centos7.5

软件版本：mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

安装目录：/usr/local/mysql

数据库目录：/data/mysql

数据库root密码：hc123456

A数据库：192.168.2.72 主

B数据库：192.168.2.73 从

数据库同步账号: sync

数据库sync密码: pcpaeyphmp

安装MySql

两台分别都安装

创建用户,组

创建mysql组指定组id为1200，创建mysql用户指定用户id为1200默认组mysql

groupadd -g 1200 mysql

useradd -r -g mysql -u 1200 -s /sbin/nologin mysql

创建数据目录

mysql数据库数据存储目录

datadir=/data/mysql # 数据库数据存储目录

mkdir -p $datadir

basedir=/usr/local/mysql # 数据库安装目录

关闭Selinux

setenforce 0

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

安装 jemalloc

配置软件安装源,安装jemalloc适合多线程下内存分配管理,减少内存碎片

rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*

curl -so /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

curl -so /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

sed -i '/aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo

yum install -y jemalloc-devel

curl -OL http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz --progress

tar xvf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ $basedir

配置服务

cp $basedir/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

sed -i "s@^basedir=.*@basedir=$basedir@" /etc/init.d/mysqld

sed -i "s@^datadir=.*@datadir=$datadir@" /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

mysql配置文件

cat << EOF >/etc/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

prompt="MySQL [\\d]> "

no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]

skip-ssl

port = 3306

user = mysql

server-id = 1

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

log_timestamps = SYSTEM

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir = $basedir

datadir = $datadir

character-set-server = utf8mb4

pid-file = $datadir/mysql.pid

init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'

back_log = 300

#skip-networking

skip-name-resolve

max_connections = 1000

max_connect_errors = 6000

open_files_limit = 65535

table_open_cache = 128

max_allowed_packet = 500M

binlog_cache_size = 1M

max_heap_table_size = 8M

tmp_table_size = 16M

read_buffer_size = 2M

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

join_buffer_size = 8M

key_buffer_size = 4M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_type = 1

query_cache_size = 8M

query_cache_limit = 2M

ft_min_word_len = 4

log_bin = mysql-bin

binlog_format = mixed

expire_logs_days = 7

slow_query_log = 1

long_query_time = 1

log_error = $datadir/mysql-error.log

slow_query_log_file = $datadir/mysql-slow.log

performance_schema = 0

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

#lower_case_table_names = 1

skip-external-locking

default_storage_engine = InnoDB

#default-storage-engine = MyISAM

innodb_file_per_table = 1

innodb_open_files = 500

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M

innodb_write_io_threads = 4

innodb_read_io_threads = 4

innodb_thread_concurrency = 0

innodb_purge_threads = 1

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M

innodb_log_file_size = 32M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10M

myisam_repair_threads = 1

interactive_timeout = 28800

wait_timeout = 28800

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 500M

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 8M

sort_buffer_size = 8M

read_buffer = 4M

write_buffer = 4M

EOF

数据库配置优化

cp /etc/my.cnf{,.bak}

Mem=`free -m | awk '/Mem:/{print $2}'`

sed -i "s@max_connections.*@max_connections = $((${Mem}/3))@" /etc/my.cnf

if [ ${Mem} -gt 1500 -a ${Mem} -le 2500 ]; then

# 1500MB < 实际内存 <= 2500MB

sed -i 's@^thread_cache_size.*@thread_cache_size = 16@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^query_cache_size.*@query_cache_size = 16M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*@myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^key_buffer_size.*@key_buffer_size = 16M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*@innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^tmp_table_size.*@tmp_table_size = 32M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^table_open_cache.*@table_open_cache = 256@' /etc/my.cnf

elif [ ${Mem} -gt 2500 -a ${Mem} -le 3500 ]; then

# 2500MB < 实际内存 <= 3500MB

sed -i 's@^thread_cache_size.*@thread_cache_size = 32@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^query_cache_size.*@query_cache_size = 32M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*@myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^key_buffer_size.*@key_buffer_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*@innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^tmp_table_size.*@tmp_table_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^table_open_cache.*@table_open_cache = 512@' /etc/my.cnf

elif [ ${Mem} -gt 3500 ]; then

# 3500MB < 实际内存

sed -i 's@^thread_cache_size.*@thread_cache_size = 64@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^query_cache_size.*@query_cache_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*@myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^key_buffer_size.*@key_buffer_size = 256M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*@innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^tmp_table_size.*@tmp_table_size = 128M@' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's@^table_open_cache.*@table_open_cache = 1024@' /etc/my.cnf

配置mysql库文件

rm -rf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mariadb-x86_64.conf

echo "$basedir/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

ldconfig

初始化数据库

添加libjemalloc模块,初始化数据库,启动mysql服务

sed -i 's@executing mysqld_safe@executing mysqld_safe\nexport LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so@' $basedir/bin/mysqld_safe

$basedir/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=$basedir --datadir=$datadir

chmod 600 /etc/my.cnf

chown mysql.mysql -R $datadir

systemctl start mysqld

lsof | grep jemalloc

添加环境变量

echo -e "\n# mysqld\nexport PATH=\$PATH:$basedir/bin" >> ~/.bashrc

. ~/.bashrc

初始化root密码, 权限

mysql授权 127.0.0.1,local 表示仅本机, % 表示所有主机

RootPass=hc123456 # 数据库root密码

mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to root@'127.0.0.1' identified by \"${RootPass}\" with grant option;"

mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by \"${RootPass}\" with grant option;"

mysql -uroot -p${RootPass} -e "reset master;"

开启root远程登录权限

mysql -uroot -p${RootPass} -e "grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by \"${RootPass}\" with grant option;"

# 查看数据库用户权限

mysql -uroot -p${RootPass} -e "select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;"

配置防火墙

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

A数据库配置

开启二进制日志

1.开启binlog(数据库二进制日志),设置server-id,重启mysql服务

cp /etc/my.cnf{,.`date +%F`}

sed -i '14a log-bin = mysql-bin' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's/server-id.*/server-id = 1/g' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i '18a log-bin-index = master-bin.index' /etc/my.cnf

systemctl restart mysqld

创建同步账户,授权

2.创建同步数据的用户,授权允许192.168.2.0/24网络使用sync用户登录

mysql -uroot -p${RootPass}

create user sync;

grant replication slave on *.* to 'sync'@'192.168.2.%' identified by 'pcpaeyphmp';

flush privileges;

show master status;

exit

# MySQL [(none)]> show master status;

# 记下 binlog文件的position(偏移)和File(日志文件)的值)

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000002 | 797 | | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

B数据库配置

1.配置从库只允许来自服务器线程或具有SUPER权限的数据库用户进行更新(root,sync),开启binlog(数据库二进制日志),设置server-id,重启mysql服务

cp /etc/my.cnf{,.`date +%F`}

sed -i '11a read-only' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i '15a log-bin = mysql-bin' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's/server-id.*/server-id = 2/g' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i '19a log-bin-index = master-bin.index' /etc/my.cnf

systemctl restart mysqld

配置连接A数据库

mysql -uroot -p${RootPass}

change master to master_host='192.168.2.72', # A数据库 IP或主机名(需解析通)

master_port=3306, # A数据库端口号

master_user='sync', # 同步账号

master_password='pcpaeyphmp', # 同步账号的密码

master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002', # A数据库执行 show master status; 获取的 File 值

master_log_pos=797; # A数据库执行 show master status; 获取的 Position 值

start slave; # 启动slave

show slave status\G; # 查看同步状态

exit

# MySQL [(none)]> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.2.72

Master_User: sync

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 797

Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 320

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

............................

# 保证以下两项状态为 Yes 连接成功

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

验证

A创建数据库

create database test_01;

show databases;

# MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

| test_01 |

+--------------------+

B查看数据库

show databases;

# MySQL [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

| test_01 |

+--------------------+

排错

Slave_IO_Running: # 状态不为Yes

1.数据库A与数据库B之间网络是否通畅

2.同步账号的用户权限,及是否允许数据库B登录

3.查看两端server-id(不能相同) 使用mysql命令查看 show variables like 'server_id'; 此配置项在my.cnf

4.配置从连接主时 binlog 文件的 position(偏移)和 File(日志文件)的值) 是否正确