python 元编程

装饰器

普通装饰器

import time
from functools import wraps

def timethis(func):
	"""
	这是一种计时装饰器
	"""
    @wraps(func)    # 它可以用来保存函数的元数据,比如函数名, 文档字符串, 函数注解以及调用签名等, 所以建议一直保留
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        strart = time.time()
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        end = time.time()
        print(func.__name__, end-strart)
        return result
    return wrapper

@timethis
def countdown(n):
	"""
	计数操作
	"""
    while n > 0:
        n -= 1

# 使用样例
countdown(10000)
# countdown 0.00299072265625
countdown(1000000)
# countdown 0.17353367805480957
countdown.__name__
# countdown

# 将`@wraps(func)`注释掉后再执行结果如下:
coundown.__name__
# wrapper

可接受参数的装饰器

import logging
from functools import wraps, partial

def attach_wrapper(obj,func=None):
    if func is None:
        return partial(attach_wrapper, obj)
    setattr(obj, func.__name__, func)
    return func 

def logged(level, name=None, message=None):
    """
    add logging to a function, level is logging level, name is the logger name, and message is the log message,
    if name and message is aren't specified, they default to the function's module and name
    """
    def decorate(func):
        logname = name if name else func.__module__
        log = logging.getLogger(logname)
        logmsg = message if message else func.__name__
        
        @wraps(func)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            log.log(level, logmsg)
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        
        @attach_wrapper(wrapper)
        def set_level(newlevel):
            nonlocal level
            level = newlevel
            
        @attach_wrapper(wrapper)
        def set_message(newmsg):
            nonlocal logmsg
            logmsg = newmsg
        
        return wrapper        
    return decorate

未完待续…