最近在学习python,看的是《简明python教程》,写的很是通俗易懂。
在一个类和对象的变量的例子中,看到代码运行结果突然想到在python中对象的生命周期的问题,代码运行结果:
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8#filename :objvar.pyclassPerson:
population=0def__init__(self,name):
self.name=nameprint("initializing %s"%self.name)
Person.population+=1def__del__(self):print("%s say bye"%self.name)
Person.population-=1ifPerson.population==0 :print("I'm the last one")else:print("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)defSayHi(self):print("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)defHowMany(self):ifPerson.population==1:print("I am the only Person here")else:print("We have %d person here"%Person.population)
swaroop=Person("Swaroop")#initializing Swaroopswaroop.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopswaroop.HowMany()#I am the only Person herekalam=Person("Kalam")#initializing Kalamkalam.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Kalamkalam.HowMany()#We have 2 person hereswaroop.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopswaroop.HowMany()#We have 2 person here#Kalam say bye#There are still 1 person left#Swaroop say bye#I'm the last one
最后四行注释起来的运行结果中,显示kalam对象先被释放,之后才是swaroop被释放。在教程中提到:
就如同__init__方法一样,还有一个特殊的方法__del__,它在对象消逝的时候被调用。对象消逝即对象不再被使用,它所占用的内存将返回给系统作它用。在这个方法里面,我们只是简单地把Person.population减1。
当对象不再被使用时,__del__方法运行,但是很难保证这个方法究竟在什么时候运行。如果你想要指明它的运行,你就得使用del语句,就如同我们在以前的例子中使用的那样。
就是说,代码中后面不再引用对象时,对象自动被系统回收内存。
可能1、对象的回收(析构)被调用的时间是由对象的引用位置决定的
那按他的意思,结合上面代码段输出的结果来分析因为最后两行代码swaroop,被调用使用了两个方法,所以swaroop对象才在kalam对象释放之后才被回收。
所以,我把代码修改一下。给Person增加了一个Invoke方法,这个方法什么也不做,只是为了延长对象的生命周期。代码如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8#filename :objvar.pyclassPerson:
population=0def__init__(self,name):
self.name=nameprint("initializing %s"%self.name)
Person.population+=1def__del__(self):print("%s say bye"%self.name)
Person.population-=1ifPerson.population==0 :print("I'm the last one")else:print("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)defSayHi(self):print("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)defHowMany(self):ifPerson.population==1:print("I am the only Person here")else:print("We have %d person here"%Person.population)defInvoke(self):print("ok")
swaroop=Person("Swaroop")#initializing Swaroopswaroop.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopswaroop.HowMany()#I am the only Person herekalam=Person("Kalam")#initializing Kalamkalam.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Kalamkalam.HowMany()#We have 2 person hereswaroop.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopswaroop.HowMany()#We have 2 person herekalam.Invoke()#ok#Kalam say bye#There are still 1 person left#Swaroop say bye#I'm the last one
看完以上的代码,在这儿我就很奇怪了。为了延长对象的生命周期,我专门在代码结尾运行了"kalam.invoke()",就是欲告诉系统在最后我还要使用kalam,请不要回收。但是运行的结果却告诉我回收的动作是在运行"kalam.invoke"之后才开始的,并且回收的顺序还是先回收kalam,后回收Swaroop.
可能2、对象的释放是由对象被创建的先后顺序来决定的?
难道是有根据对象创建的先后顺序来决定回收顺序的?就是所谓的:先创建后回收,后创建先回收的原则?不行,我要试一下:
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8#filename :objvar.pyclassPerson:
population=0def__init__(self,name):
self.name=nameprint("initializing %s"%self.name)
Person.population+=1def__del__(self):print("%s say bye"%self.name)
Person.population-=1ifPerson.population==0 :print("I'm the last one")else:print("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)defSayHi(self):print("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)defHowMany(self):ifPerson.population==1:print("I am the only Person here")else:print("We have %d person here"%Person.population)defInvoke(self):print("ok")
kalam=Person("Kalam")#initializing Kalamkalam.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Kalamkalam.HowMany()#I am the only Person hereswaroop=Person("Swaroop")#initializing Swaroopswaroop.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopswaroop.HowMany()#We have 2 person hereswaroop.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopswaroop.HowMany()#We have 2 person herekalam.Invoke()#ok#Kalam say bye#There are still 1 person left#Swaroop say bye#I'm the last one
事实上,我再一次被它打败了。很显然,以上代码表明:虽然把swaroop和kalam对象的创建顺序进行了调整,但还是没有改变他们被释放的先后顺序。
可能3、对象的释放顺序是由对象的引用的变量决定的。
当我想到这个可能的时候也觉得挺不可思议的,但上面的代码kalam和swaroop怎么调整释放顺序也不改变,我觉得可以放手试一下。
#!/usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8#filename :objvar.pyclassPerson:
population=0def__init__(self,name):
self.name=nameprint("initializing %s"%self.name)
Person.population+=1def__del__(self):print("%s say bye"%self.name)
Person.population-=1ifPerson.population==0 :print("I'm the last one")else:print("There are still %d person left"%Person.population)defSayHi(self):print("Hi,my name is %s"%self.name)defHowMany(self):ifPerson.population==1:print("I am the only Person here")else:print("We have %d person here"%Person.population)defInvoke(self):print("ok")
a=Person("Swaroop")#initializing Swaroopa.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Swaroopa.HowMany()#I am the only Person hereb=Person("Kalam")#initializing Kalamb.SayHi()#Hi,my name is Kalamb.HowMany()#We have 2 person hered=Person("Smithy")
d.SayHi()
d.HowMany()
c=Person("Jackson")
c.SayHi()
c.HowMany()#Swaroop say bye#There are still 3 person left#Jackson say bye#There are still 2 person left#Kalam say bye#There are still 1 person left#Smithy say bye#I'm the last one
看代码运行结果:
创建对象时顺序为:a-b-d-c(有意为之),而最终对象翻译顺序为:a-c-b-d
无药可救了。
我决定去最大的资源库---互联网上查阅一下相关的信息。