该系列文章
django搭建博客一前言
django搭建博客二之初始化工程
django搭建博客三初始化应用
django搭建博客四页面布局和自定义异常视图
django搭建博客五系统模型建立与注册
django搭建博客六邮件模板和邮件工具类
django搭建博客七用户注册
django搭建博客八用户登录
django搭建博客九用户密码重置
django搭建博客十博客首页
项目初始化
初始化django空项目可以基于命令行创建或者是pycharm创建,我这里就通过pycharm来创建了
打开pycharm,选择File->New Project,如下图:
点击create之后等待项目创建完毕。创建完毕之后此时我们的根目录结构如下图
E:\myblog
│ manage.py
│
├─media
├─myblog
│ │ asgi.py
│ │ settings.py
│ │ urls.py
│ │ wsgi.py
│ │ __init__.py
├─templates
新建\myblog\db.sqlite3,\myblog\static,\myblog\media,\myblog\build\requirements\
文件或者文件夹 | 解释 |
---|---|
db.sqlite3 | 本地开发数据库 |
static | 静态资源目 |
media | 媒体资源目录 |
build | 镜像构建目录 |
requirements | 不同环境的安装依赖目录 |
如果当前目录下如果已经有了这些文件或者文件夹,则不需要重复创建。
项目基本依赖
新建\myblog\myblog\base.txt
添加以下内容
django
celery[redis,django]
django-haystack
django-simple-captcha
jieba
pyparsing
pysolr
requests
Whoosh
django-celery-beat
django-celery-results
django-redis
psycopg2-binary
django-simpleui
django-meditor
项目开发依赖
新建\myblog\myblog\dev.txt
添加以下内容
-r base.txt
eventlet
django-debug-toolbar
项目生产依赖
新建\myblog\myblog\prod.txt
添加以下内容
-r base.txt
gunicorn
其中base.txt则是开发环境和生成环境公共的依赖,dev.txt则是开发环境下要安装的依赖,prod则是生成环境下要安装的依赖。
然后按照下图
执行以下命令
pip install -r build/requirements/dev.txt
项目开发配置
新建\myblog\myblog\dev_settings.py
添加以下内容
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "db.sqlite3"),
}
}
REDIS_CONF = {
"host": "127.0.0.1",
"port": "6379"
}
REDIS_URL = f'redis://{REDIS_CONF["host"]}:{REDIS_CONF["port"]}'
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
# 开发地址
SITE_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000'
# 开发环境下邮件发送到控制台
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend"
项目生产配置
新建\myblog\myblog\prod_settings.py
添加以下内容
import os
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
'HOST': os.getenv("POSTGRES_HOST", "app-postgres"),
'PORT': os.getenv("POSTGRES_PORT", "5432"),
'NAME': os.getenv("POSTGRES_DB"),
'USER': os.getenv("POSTGRES_USER"),
'PASSWORD': os.getenv("POSTGRES_PASSWORD")
}
}
REDIS_CONF = {
"host": os.getenv("REDIS_HOST", "app-redis"),
"port": os.getenv("REDIS_PORT", "6379")
}
REDIS_URL = f'redis://{REDIS_CONF["host"]}:{REDIS_CONF["port"]}'
CACHES = {
"default": {
"VERSION": 1,
"BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
"LOCATION": f"{REDIS_URL}/0",
}
}
DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
# 这里替换成你上线后的域名或者服务器公网IP
SITE_URL = 'https://oneisall.top'
# 生产环境下真实发送邮件
EMAIL_BACKEND = "django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend"
项目配置
编辑myblog\myblog\settings.py
添加以下内容
from pathlib import Path
import os
env = os.getenv("APP_ENV", "dev")
if env == "prod":
from .prod_settings import *
elif env == "dev":
from .dev_settings import *
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-!5)rlq06fcxq*h9ry#o7)(e&@^nyv1xr%nqbt7lwr5z#k053$8'
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'myblog.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'myblog.wsgi.application'
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
此时我们的项目目录结构如下
E:\myblog
│ db.sqlite3
│ dir.txt
│ manage.py
│
├─build
│ └─requirements
│ base.txt
│ dev.txt
│ prod.txt
│
├─media
├─myblog
│ │ asgi.py
│ │ dev_settings.py
│ │ prod_settings.py
│ │ settings.py
│ │ urls.py
│ │ wsgi.py
│ │ __init__.py
│
├─static
├─templates
运行django项目,访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/,出现下图说明代码没有问题
配置django-debug-toolbar
编辑\myblog\urls.py文件
追加以下内容
if settings.DEBUG:
import debug_toolbar
urlpatterns = urlpatterns + [path('__debug__/', include(debug_toolbar.urls))]
编辑\myblog\myblog\settings.py末尾
追加以下内容
if env == "dev":
INSTALLED_APPS.append('debug_toolbar')
MIDDLEWARE.append('debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware')
INTERNAL_IPS = ['127.0.0.1']
再次访问如下图表示ok
邮件配置
新建\myblog\myblog\email_settings.py
添加以下内容
from django.conf import settings
EMAIL_HOST = "你的邮件服务器HOST"
EMAIL_PORT = 25 if settings.DEBUG else 465
EMAIL_HOST_TLS = True if settings.DEBUG else False
EMAIL_USE_SSL = False if settings.DEBUG else True
EMAIL_HOST_USER = "用户名"
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = "密码"
EMAIL_FROM = "你的邮件地址"
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = '用户收到邮件显示的邮箱'
编辑myblog\myblog\settings.py
追加以下内容
from myblog.email_settings import *
静态文件和媒体文件配置
编辑\myblog\urls.py文件
追加以下内容
if settings.DEBUG:
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
else:
urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
编辑\myblog\myblog\settings.py
修改TEMPLATES,增加media上下文处理器,这样才可以在模板里面使用MEDIA_URL
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
,
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
# 把media全局注册进template模板中
'django.template.context_processors.media',
],
},
},
]
celery配置
新增\myblog\myblog\celery.py
添加以下内容
from celery import Celery
import os
from django.utils import timezone
os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'myblog.settings')
app = Celery('myblog')
app.now = timezone.now
# 命名空间 namespace='CELERY'定义所有与celery相关的配置的键名要以'CELERY_'为前缀。
app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings', namespace='CELERY')
app.autodiscover_tasks()
新增\myblog\myblog\celery_settings.py
内容如下
from django.conf import settings
CELERY_TIMEZONE = settings.TIME_ZONE
CELERY_ENABLE_UTC = True # 不使用UTC时区
CELERY_BROKER_URL = f"{settings.REDIS_URL}/1"
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'django_celery_results.backends.database.DatabaseBackend' # 存储任务结果
CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['json']
DJANGO_CELERY_RESULTS_TASK_ID_MAX_LENGTH = 191
DJANGO_CELERY_RESULTS = {
'ALLOW_EDITS': False
}
编辑\myblog\myblog\settings.py
追加以下内容
from myblog.celery_settings import *