emmap erlang_erlang 中 maps 练习

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Maps ModuleMaps Syntax

maps:new/1#{}

maps:put/3Map#{Key => Val}

maps:update/3Map#{Key := Val}

maps:get/2Map#{Key}

maps:find/2#{Key := Val} = Map

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基本成员函数:

new() -> Map

find(Key, Map) -> {ok, Value} | error

我当时在windows 上面测试的是一个异常,我不想处理, 我去,原来就是一个原子 error,坑死了

get(Key, Map) -> Value

get(Key, Map, Default) -> Value | Default 这个在我的Eshell 6.0还是不能用

is_key(Key, Map) -> boolean()

keys(Map) -> Keys

put(Key, Value, Map1) -> Map2

remove(Key, Map1) -> Map2

size(Map) -> integer() >= 0

update(Key, Value, Map1) -> Map2

values(Map) -> Values

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带有函数的使用:

fold(Fun, Init, Map) -> Acc

from_list(List) -> Map

from_list(List) -> Map

map(Fun, Map1) -> Map2

merge(Map1, Map2) -> Map3

to_list(Map) -> [{Key, Value}]

with(Ks, Map1) -> Map2 当前都还是没有测试成功过的

without(Ks, Map1) -> Map2

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我不能理解的就是这个了 erlang文档中有 maps：get/3这个函数的，但是在这时不能用

maps:get(key3, #{}, "Default value").

** exception error: undefined function maps:get/3

exception exit: undef

in function maps:with/2

called as maps:with([1,2,"Good"],#{"Good" => rain,"lovely" => smile})

shankyan@early:~/ShankYan/erlang$ erl

Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.0] [source] [smp:4:4] [async-threads:10] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]

maps：get/3 说是没定义，我想是因为我是 EShell 6.0 的原因吧？ 用 EShell 6.1 直接就可以了，但是还不确定原因

Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.1] [source] [64-bit] [smp:2:2] [async-threads:10] [kernel-poll:false]

Eshell V6.1 (abort with ^G)

1> maps:get(a, #{},b).

b

还有就是put 的 操作，直接函数变量可以用，但是用符号 变量就会报错

26> Key = "Key".

"Key"

27> Map = #{Key =>a}.

'* 1: illegal use of variable 'Key' in map

28> maps:put(Key, a, #{}).

'#{"Key" => a}

我认为的是 => 只能在初始化的时候使用

可是测试后,是可以用的呀

Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.1] [source] [64-bit] [smp:2:2] [async-threads:10] [kernel-poll:false]

Eshell V6.1 (abort with ^G)

1> maps:get(a, #{},b).

b

3> MapA = #{a =>b}.

'#{a => b}

4> MapA#{c =>d}.

'#{a => b,c => d}

关于 with 成员函数

with(Ks, Map1) -> Map2

Types:

Ks = [K]

Map1 = Map2 = #{}

K = term()

Returns a new map Map2 with the keys K1 through Kn and their associated values from map Map1. Any key in Ks that does not exist in Map1 are ignored.

Example:

Map = #{42 => value_three,1337 => "value two","a" => 1},

Ks = ["a",42,"other key"],

maps:without(Ks,Map).

'#{42 => value_three,"a" => 1}

文档上都没有举例 with 函数,

在 6.1 中也没有with

2> maps:with([1, 2, "Good"], #{a =>b}).

** exception error: undefined function maps:with/2

3>

maps 使用例子：

(1)FunctionMap = maps:new(),

(2)Putfunctionmap = maps:put(Key, Value, FunctionMap),

(3)try maps:get(Key, FunctionMap) of

GotValue ->

io:format("get ~p => pn", [Key, GotValue])

catch

%%will fail with an exception,

error:Error ->

io:format("get Error: pn", [Error])

end,

case maps:find(Key, FunctionMap) of

{ok, FoundValue} ->

io:format("find ~p => ~p is in FunctionMap ~n", [Key, FoundValue]);

error ->

io:format("find ~p not exits in FunctionMap~n", [Key]);

_ ->

io:format("impossible return for maps:findnn")

end,

(4)try maps:get(genious, FunctionMap, you_are_not_genious) of

GeniousValue ->

io:format("get genious the result is pn", [GeniousValue])

catch

%%undef is error

error:Error ->

io:format("when use maps:get/3 Get Error, The error is pn", [Error])

end,

(5)maps:is_key(great, FunctionMap)

maps:keys(FunctionMap)

maps:put("lovely", smile, FunctionMap)

maps:update("Good", rain, PutFunctionMaps)

maps:values(UpdateFunctionMaps)

maps:size(UpdateFunctionMaps)

maps:without([1, 2, "Good"], UpdateFunctionMaps)

maps:remove("Good", UpdateFunctionMaps)

(6)

Accumulation =

maps:fold(fun(Key, Value, Acc) when is_list(Key) ->

Acc ++ atom_to_list(Value)

end, [], FunctionMap),

IceCream = maps:from_list([{"ha", 1}, {"gen", 2}, {"da", 3}, {"si", 4},

{"Good", 5}]),

(7)Fun = fun(K, V) when is_list(K) -> V*10 end,

maps:map(Fun, IceCream)

maps:merge(IceCream, FunctionMap)

maps:to_list(IceCream)

(8)

MarkMap = #{"fool" => me, "lazy" =>i},

PutMarkMap = MarkMap#{"Put" => put}

UpdateMarkMap = PutMarkMap#{"Put" := update}

{"Put" := Put} = UpdateMarkMap,

在Shell 下就可以直接测试的， 就是用了下gen_server的框架测了，

测试代码

-module(testmaps).

-behaviour(gen_server).

-export([start/0, stop/0]).

-export([mark_operation/0,

test_function_maps/0]).

-export([init/1,

handle_call/3,

handle_cast/2,

handle_info/2,

terminate/2,

code_change/3]).

% -compile(export_all).

-record(state, {markmap, functionmap}).

%%%===================================================================

%%% API

%%%===================================================================

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

%% @doc

%% @spec

%% @end

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

start() ->

FunctionMap = maps:new(),

MarkMap = #{"fool" => me, "lazy" =>i},

io:format("new FunctionMap = pn", [FunctionMap]),

io:format("new MarkMap = pnnn", [MarkMap]),

gen_server : start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE,

[FunctionMap, MarkMap], []).

stop() ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, stop).

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

%% @doc

%% @spec

%% @end

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

mark_operation() ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, mark_operation).

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

%% @doc

%% @spec

%% @end

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

test_function_maps() ->

function_put("Good", weather),

function_find(well),

function_find("Good"),

function_get_default(genious, you_are_not_genious),

thekeys(great),

list_of_maps().

function_put(Key, Value) ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, {function_put, Key, Value}).

function_find(Key) ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, {function_find, Key}).

function_get_default(genious, you_are_not_genious) ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, {function_get_default, genious,

you_are_not_genious}).

thekeys(great) ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, {thekeys, great}).

list_of_maps() ->

gen_server : call(?MODULE, list_of_maps).

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

%% @doc

%% @spec

%% @end

%%--------------------------------------------------------------------

init( [FunctionMap, MarkMap]) ->

{ok, #state{functionmap = FunctionMap, markmap = MarkMap}}.

handle_call(mark_operation, _From, State) ->

%%there are five operations in maps

%% new put get find update

#state{markmap = MarkMap} = State,

io:format("the original MarkMap is pn", [MarkMap]),

PutMarkMap = MarkMap

io:format("after put the MarkMap is pn", [PutMarkMap]),

UpdateMarkMap = PutMarkMap#{"Put" := update},

io:format("after put the MarkMap is pn", [UpdateMarkMap]),

%% this mean get/2 ,but is syntax error,don't know why

% io:format("mark get Put is pn", [UpdateMarkMap#{"Put"}]),

%% this means find/2

#{"Put" := Put} = UpdateMarkMap,

io:format("mark "Put" find is pn", [Put]),

{reply, ok, State#state{functionmap = UpdateMarkMap}};

handle_call({function_put, Key, Value}, _From, State) ->

#state{functionmap = FunctionMap} = State,

Putfunctionmap = maps:put(Key, Value, FunctionMap),

io:format("after put functionmaps is pn", [Putfunctionmap]),

{reply, ok, State#state{functionmap = Putfunctionmap}};

handle_call({function_get_default, genious, you_are_not_genious}, _From, State) ->

#state{functionmap = FunctionMap} = State,

try maps:get(genious, FunctionMap, you_are_not_genious) of

GeniousValue ->

io:format("get genious the result is ~p~n", [GeniousValue])

catch

exit:Exit ->

io:format("Get Exit, The Reason is ~p~n", [Exit]);

%%undef is error ,not exit

error:Error ->

io:format("when use maps:get/3 Get Error, The error is ~p~n", [Error])

end,

io:format("~n"),

{reply, ok, State};

handle_call({function_find, Key}, _From, State) ->

#state{functionmap = FunctionMap} = State,

try maps:get(Key, FunctionMap) of

GotValue ->

io:format("get ~p => pn", [Key, GotValue])

catch

%%will fail with an exception,in erlang show error?????

%% not throw!!!

error:Error ->

io:format("get Error: pn", [Error]);

throw:Exception ->

io:format("get exception pn", [Exception])

end,

case maps:find(Key, FunctionMap) of

{ok, FoundValue} ->

io:format("find ~p => ~p is in FunctionMap ~n", [Key, FoundValue]);

error ->

io:format("find ~p not exits in FunctionMap~n", [Key]);

_ ->

io:format("impossible return for maps:findnn")

end,

io:format("~n"),

{reply, ok, State};

handle_call({thekeys, great}, _From, State) ->

#state{functionmap = FunctionMap} = State,

io:format("great is one of the keys of functionmap = pn",

[maps:is_key(great, FunctionMap)]),

io:format("All keys of FunctionMap is -> pn", [maps:keys(FunctionMap)]),

PutFunctionMaps = maps:put("lovely", smile, FunctionMap),

UpdateFunctionMaps = maps:update("Good", rain, PutFunctionMaps),

io:format("After update All Values of FunctionMap is -> pn",

[maps:values(UpdateFunctionMaps)]),

io:format("now the size of function is pn",

[maps:size(UpdateFunctionMaps)]),

% io:format("test with function = pn",

% [maps:with([1, 2, "Good"], UpdateFunctionMaps)]),

io:format("test without function = pn",

[maps:without([1, 2, "Good"], UpdateFunctionMaps)]),

io:format("after remove Good, the functionmap is pn",

[maps:remove("Good", UpdateFunctionMaps)]),

{reply, ok, State#state{functionmap = UpdateFunctionMaps}};

handle_call(list_of_maps, _From, State) ->

#state{functionmap = FunctionMap} = State,

Accumulation =

maps:fold(fun(Key, Value, Acc) when is_list(Key) ->

Acc ++ atom_to_list(Value)

end, [], FunctionMap),

io:format("map:fold =>Acc VAlue is pn", [Accumulation]),

IceCream = maps:from_list([{"ha", 1}, {"gen", 2}, {"da", 3}, {"si", 4},

{"Good", 5}]),

io:format("maps:from_list,but the sequence is unpredictable=> ~p~n", [IceCream]),

Fun = fun(K, V) when is_list(K) -> V*10 end,

io:format("maps:map=> ~p~n", [maps:map(Fun, IceCream)]),

%% Merges two maps into a single map Map3. If two keys exists in both maps

%% the value in Map1 will be superseded by the value in Map2.

io:format("maps:merge=>~p~n", [maps:merge(IceCream, FunctionMap)]),

io:format("map:to_list=>~p~n", [maps:to_list(IceCream)]),

{reply, ok, State};

handle_call(stop, _From, State) ->

{stop, normal, ok, State};

handle_call(_Request, _From, State) ->

{reply, ok, State}.

handle_cast(_Msg, State) ->

{noreply, State}.

handle_info(_Info, State) ->

io : format("~p", [_Info]),

{noreply, State}.

terminate(_Reason, _State) ->

ok.

code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) ->

{ok, State}.

测试结果

Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.0] [source] [smp:4:4] [async-threads:10] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]

Eshell V6.0 (abort with ^G)

1> c(testmaps).

{ok,testmaps}

2> testmaps:start().

new FunctionMap = #{}

new MarkMap = #{"fool" => me,"lazy" => i}

{ok,<0.40.0>}

3> testmaps:test_function_maps().

after put functionmaps is #{"Good" => weather}

get Error: bad_key

find well not exits in FunctionMap

get "Good" => weather

find "Good" => weather is in FunctionMap

when use maps:get/3 Get Error, The error is undef

great is one of the keys of functionmap = false

All keys of FunctionMap is -> ["Good"]

After update All Values of FunctionMap is -> [rain,smile]

now the size of function is 2

test without function = #{"lovely" => smile}

after remove Good, the functionmap is #{"lovely" => smile}

map:fold =>Acc VAlue is "rainsmile"

maps:from_list,but the sequence is unpredictable=> #{"Good" => 5,

"da" => 3,

"gen" => 2,

"ha" => 1,

"si" => 4}

maps:map=> #{"Good" => 50,"da" => 30,"gen" => 20,"ha" => 10,"si" => 40}

maps:merge=>#{"Good" => rain,"da" => 3,"gen" => 2,"ha" => 1,"lovely" => smile,"si" => 4}

map:to_list=>[{"Good",5},{"da",3},{"gen",2},{"ha",1},{"si",4}]

ok

4> testmaps:mark_operation().

the original MarkMap is #{"fool" => me,"lazy" => i}

after put the MarkMap is #{"Put" => put,"fool" => me,"lazy" => i}

after put the MarkMap is #{"Put" => update,"fool" => me,"lazy" => i}

mark "Put" find is update

ok

5>