springboot applications.yml配置HTML视图解析器_SpringBoot 看这一篇就全搞定(下)

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来我们今天继续

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今天从错误机制说起

7、错误处理机制

1)、SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

默认效果:

a、浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

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b、如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据

原理:

可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置; 给容器中添加了以下组件

  1. DefaultErrorAttributes:帮我们在页面共享信息;
@Override
public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
                                              boolean includeStackTrace) {
    Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
    errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
    addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
    addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
    addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
    return errorAttributes;
}

2.BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
    @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
                                  HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
                request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
        response.setStatus(status.value());
//去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
        return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    }
    @RequestMapping
    @ResponseBody //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
                isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
        HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
        return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    }

3.ErrorPageCustomizer:

@Value("${error.path:/error}")
//系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
private String path = "/error"; 

4.DefaultErrorViewResolver:

 @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
                                         Map<String, Object> model) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
        if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
            modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }
    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
		//默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面? error/404
        String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
		//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
        TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
                .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
        if (provider != null) {
			//模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
            return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
        }
		//模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面 error/404.html
        return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    } 

步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error 请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理;

  1. 响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的;
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
                                        HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
    //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
    for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);
        if (modelAndView != null) {
            return modelAndView;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

2)、如何定制错误响应:
a. 如何定制错误的页面;

  • 有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码; 【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面error 文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到对应的页面;
    我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态 码.html);
    页面能获取的信息:timestamp:
    • 时间戳
    • status:状态码
    • error:错误提示exception:异常对象
    • message:异常消息
    • errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
  • 没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
  • 以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;

b. 如何定制错误的json数据;

  • 自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandler {
    @ResponseBody
    @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
    public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code","user.notexist");
        map.put("message",e.getMessage());
        return map;
    }
}
//没有自适应效果...

转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    //传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
    /**
    * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
    .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
    */
    request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
    map.put("code","user.notexist");
    map.put("message",e.getMessage());
    //转发到/error
    return "forward:/error";
}

3)、将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由
getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);

  1. 完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
  2. 页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到; 容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
    自定义ErrorAttributes
//给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
                                                  boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes,
                includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","atguigu");
        return map;
    }
  1. 最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,

8、配置嵌入式Servlet容器
SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器;1)、如何定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置;

  1. 修改和server有关的配置(ServerProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】);
server.port=8081
server.context‐path=/crud
server.tomcat.uri‐encoding=UTF‐8
//通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
//Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat.xxx

2.编写一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器;来修改Servlet容器的配置

@Bean //一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
public EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer embeddedServletContainerCustomizer(){
    return new EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer() {
        //定制嵌入式的Servlet容器相关的规则
        @Override
        public void customize(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer container) {
            container.setPort(8083);
        }
    };
}

2)、注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】
由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用,没有web.xml文 件。
注册三大组件用以下方式
ServletRegistrationBean

//注册三大组件
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
	ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new
MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
	return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){
    FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
    return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean<>(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot帮我们自动配置SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中:

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name =
                   DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(
    DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
    ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(
        dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
    //默认拦截: / 所有请求;包静态资源,但是不拦截jsp请求; /*会拦截jsp
    //可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
    registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
    registration.setLoadOnStartup(
        this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
    if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
        registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
    }
    return registration;
}

3)、替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

默认支持:

Tomcat(默认使用)

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;
</dependency>

Jetty

<!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!‐‐ 引入web模块 ‐‐>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
    <exclusion>
        <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐undertow</artifactId>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>

4)、嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理;

EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置?

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
//导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件
//导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:
//后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
   @Configuration
   @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
           SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的
   Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器
   public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
       @Bean
       public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory()
       {
           return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
       }
   }
   /**
    * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
    */
   @Configuration
   @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
           WebAppContext.class })
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
           SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
   public static class EmbeddedJetty {
       @Bean
       public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
           return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
       }
   }
   /**
    * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
    */
   @Configuration
   @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
           SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
   public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
       @Bean
       public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory
       undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
           return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
       }
   }

1.EmbeddedServletContainerFactory(嵌入式Servlet容器工厂)

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
    //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
    EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
    ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

1.EmbeddedServletContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

2.以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

@Override
    public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
            ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
//创建一个Tomcat
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
//配置Tomcat的基本环节
        File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
                : createTempDir("tomcat"));
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
            tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
        }
        prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
//将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器
        return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);

我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效?

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer:定制器帮我们修改了Servlet容器的配置? 怎么修改的原理?

容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

 //初始化之前
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
            throws BeansException {
//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
        if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
//
            postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
        }
        return bean;
    }
    private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
            ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;
        for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
            customizer.customize(bean);
        }
    }
    private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
        if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
            this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
                    this.beanFactory
//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
//定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
                            .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
                                    false, false)
                            .values());
            Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
            this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
        }
        return this.customizers;
    }
ServerProperties也是定制器
  1. 步骤:
    a、SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的
    ​ EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】
    b、容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器; EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;
    只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;
    c、后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法

5)、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理;
什么时候创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂?
什么时候获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat; 获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

  1. SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
  2. refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个 组 件 】 ; 如 果 是 web 应 用 创 建 AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext, 否 则 : AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
  3. refresh(context);刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post‐processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.

4.onRefresh(); web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

5.webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;createEmbeddedServletContainer();

6.获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂:

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

从ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;
7. 使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器:

this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

8.嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器;
先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来;IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

9、使用外置的Servlet容器
9.1. 嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar
优点:简单、便携;
缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂
【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory】);
9.2. 外置的Servlet容器
外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;
步骤

  1. 必须创建一个war项目;(利用idea创建好目录结构)
  2. 将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided;
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

3.必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
//传入SpringBoot应用的主程序
        return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);
    }
}

4.启动服务器就可以使用;

9.3. 原理

  • jar包:执行SpringBoot主类的main方法——>启动ioc容器——>创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;
  • war包:启动服务器——>服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】——>启动ioc容器;

servlet3.0(Spring注解版):
Shared libraries / runtimes pluggability: 规则:

  1. 服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例:
  2. ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为
    javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名
  3. 还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载我们感兴趣的类;

流程:

  1. 启动Tomcat
  2. orgspringframeworkspring-web4.3.14.RELEASEspring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!META- INFservicesjavax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:
    Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
  3. SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;
  4. 每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;
  5. 相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法
  6. SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器
protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(
            ServletContext servletContext) {
//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
        SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
        StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
        environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
        builder.environment(environment);
        builder.main(getClass());
        ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
        if (parent != null) {
            this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
            servletContext.setAttribute(
                    WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);
            builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
        }
        builder.initializers(
                new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
        builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
        builder = configure(builder);
//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
        SpringApplication application = builder.build();
        if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils
                .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
            application.getSources().add(getClass());
        }
        Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
                "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
                        + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
        if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
            application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
        }
//启动Spring应用
        return run(application);
    }

7.Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

 public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
        configureHeadlessProperty();
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
        listeners.starting();
        try {
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                    args);
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                    applicationArguments);
            Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
            context = createApplicationContext();
            analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
            prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                    printedBanner);
//刷新IOC容器
            refreshContext(context);
            afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            listeners.finished(context, null);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                        .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }
            return context;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        }
    }

启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用

五、SpringBoot与数据访问

1、JDBC

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jdbc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql‐connector‐java</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
spring:
  datasource:
  username: root
  password: 123456
  url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.15.22:3306/jdbc
  driver‐class‐name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

默认是用org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource作为数据源;
数据源的相关配置都在DataSourceProperties里面;
自动配置原理:org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc

  1. 参考DataSourceConfiguration,根据配置创建数据源,默认使用Tomcat连接池;可以使用
    spring.datasource.type指定自定义的数据源类型;
  2. SpringBoot默认可以支持;
org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource、HikariDataSource、BasicDataSource、

3.自定义数据源类型

/**
* Generic DataSource configuration.
*/
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type")
static class Generic {
    @Bean
public DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
	//使用DataSourceBuilder创建数据源,利用反射创建响应type的数据源,并且绑定相关属性
	return properties.initializeDataSourceBuilder().build();
 }
}

4.DataSourceInitializerApplicationListener
作用:

  • runSchemaScripts();运行建表语句;
  • runDataScripts();运行插入数据的sql语句;

默认只需要将文件命名为:

schema‐*.sql、data‐*.sql
默认规则:schema.sql,schema‐all.sql;
可以使用
schema:
‐ classpath:department.sql
指定位置

5.操作数据库:自动配置了JdbcTemplate操作数据库

2、整合Druid数据源

<dependency>
   <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
   <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
   <version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource druid(){
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }
    //配置Druid的监控
//1、配置一个管理后台的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(),
                "/druid/*");
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
        initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
        initParams.put("deny","192.168.15.21");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }
    //2、配置一个web监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
        return bean;
    }
}

3、整合MyBatis

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis‐spring‐boot‐starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>

步骤:

  1. 配置数据源相关属性
  2. 给数据库建表
  3. 创建JavaBean
  4. 注解版
//指定这是一个操作数据库的mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
    @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
    public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
    @Delete("delete from department where id=#{id}")
    public int deleteDeptById(Integer id);
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id")
    @Insert("insert into department(departmentName) values(#{departmentName})")
    public int insertDept(Department department);
    @Update("update department set departmentName=#{departmentName} where id=#{id}")
    public int updateDept(Department department);
}

问题:

自定义MyBatis的配置规则;给容器中添加一个ConfigurationCustomizer;

@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
        return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
            @Override
            public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
                configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
            }
        };
    }
}
使用MapperScan批量扫描所有的Mapper接口;
@MapperScan(value = "com.atguigu.springboot.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        springapplication.run - 这个网站可出售。 - 最佳的springapplication 来源和相关信息。(SpringBoot06DataMybatisApplication.class, args);
    }
}

5.配置文件版

mybatis:
    config‐location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis‐config.xml 指定全局配置文件的位置
    mapper‐locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml 指定sql映射文件的位置

4、整合SpringData JPA

1.编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系;

//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user;
public class User {
    @Id //这是一个主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
    private Integer id;
    @Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
    private String lastName;
    @Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
    private String email;

2.编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表(Repository)

//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

3.基本的配置JpaProperties

spring:
jpa:
hibernate:
# 更新或者创建数据表结构
ddl‐auto: update
# 控制台显示SQL
show‐sql: true

六、启动配置原理


几个重要的事件回调机制
配置在META-INF/spring.factories
ApplicationContextInitializer
SpringApplicationRunListener
只需要放在ioc容器中ApplicationRunner CommandLineRunner
启动流程:
1、创建SpringApplication对象


    initialize(sources);
    private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
//保存主配置类
        if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
            this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
        }
//判断当前是否一个web应用
        this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
//从类路径下找到META‐INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationContextInitializer;然后保存起
        来
        setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(
                ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//从类路径下找到ETA‐INF/spring.factories配置的所有ApplicationListener
        setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
//从多个配置类中找到有main方法的主配置类
        this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
    }

2、运行run方法

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
        stopWatch.start();
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
        FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
        configureHeadlessProperty();
//获取SpringApplicationRunListeners;从类路径下META‐INF/spring.factories
        SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
//回调所有的获取SpringApplicationRunListener.starting()方法
        listeners.starting();
        try {
//封装命令行参数
            ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
                    args);
//准备环境
            ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
                    applicationArguments);
//创建环境完成后回调SpringApplicationRunListener.environmentPrepared();表示环境准
            备完成
            Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
//创建ApplicationContext;决定创建web的ioc还是普通的ioc
            context = createApplicationContext();
            analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
//准备上下文环境;将environment保存到ioc中;而且applyInitializers();
//applyInitializers():回调之前保存的所有的ApplicationContextInitializer的initialize方法
//回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextPrepared();
//
            prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
                    printedBanner);
//prepareContext运行完成以后回调所有的SpringApplicationRunListener的contextLoaded();
//s刷新容器;ioc容器初始化(如果是web应用还会创建嵌入式的Tomcat);Spring注解版
//扫描,创建,加载所有组件的地方;(配置类,组件,自动配置)
            refreshContext(context);
//从ioc容器中获取所有的ApplicationRunner和CommandLineRunner进行回调
//ApplicationRunner先回调,CommandLineRunner再回调
            afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//所有的SpringApplicationRunListener回调finished方法
            listeners.finished(context, null);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
                        .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }
//整个SpringBoot应用启动完成以后返回启动的ioc容器;
            return context;
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
            throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
        }
    }

3、事件监听机制

配置在META-INF/spring.factories ApplicationContextInitializer
public class HelloApplicationContextInitializer implements
    ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {
    @Override
    public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
    				System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer...initialize..."+applicationContext);
    }
}

SpringApplicationRunListener

配置(META-INF/spring.factories)

org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=
com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloApplicationContextInitializer
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=
com.atguigu.springboot.listener.HelloSpringApplicationRunListener

只需要放在ioc容器中

ApplicationRunner

@Component
   public class HelloApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
   @Override
   public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
   System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run....");
   }
}

CommandLineRunner

@Component
public class HelloCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
    System.out.println("CommandLineRunner...run..."+ Arrays.asList(args));
    }
}

作者:Java大猿帅

出处:

SpringBoot 就这一篇全搞定​juejin.im

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