Python中内置了json库,用起来超级方便,json现在以成为开发的必备。
python对象到json字符串的转换规则:
Python
JSON
dict
object
list, tuple
array
str, unicode
string
int, long, float
number
True
true
False
false
None
null
json字符串到python对象的转换规则:
JSON
Python
object
dict
array
list
string
unicode
number (int)
int, long
number (real)
float
true True
false
False
null
None
json的api有下面4个:
json.loads() 将json转换为dict
json.dumps() 将dict转换为json
json.load() 将json文件转换为dict
json.dump() 将dict转换为json文件 person.json
注意:dict也可以是类对象
dict转换为json
import json
person = {
'name': 'jack',
'age': 15,
'email': 'jack@litets.com'
}
print('dict:', person)
person_json = json.dumps(person) # 转换为json
print('json:', person_json)
输出:
dict: {'name': 'jack', 'age': 15, 'email': 'jack@litets.com'}
json: {"name": "jack", "age": 15, "email": "jack@litets.com"}
json转换为dict
import json
person_dict = json.loads('{"name": "jack", "age": 15, "email": "jack@litets.com"}')
print('person dict:', person_dict)
输出:
person dict: {'name': 'jack', 'age': 15, 'email': 'jack@litets.com'}
类对象转换为json
import json
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, email):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.email = email
person = Person('tom', 38, 'tom@litets.com')
person_json = json.dumps(person.__dict__)
print('person json:', person_json)
输出:
person json: {"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "tom@litets.com"}
json.dumps() 不能直接传递一个对象实例否则回报 TypeError: Object of type Person is not JSON serializable 错误 为了避免这个错误,我们需要修改:
import json
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, email):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.email = email
# 将person转换为dict
def convert2json(person):
return {
'name': person.name,
'age': person.age,
'email': person.email
}
person = Person('tom', 38, 'tom@litets.com')
# 第二个参数传递转换函数,或者使用default=lambda o: o.__dict__
person_json = json.dumps(person, default=convert2json)
print('person json:', person_json)
json转换为类对象
import json
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, email):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.email = email
def convert2json(dict_json):
return Person(dict_json['name'], dict_json['age'], dict_json['email'])
person = json.loads('{"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "tom@litets.com"}', object_hook=convert2json)
print('person:', person)
输出:
person: <__main__.Person object at 0x10a7230b8>
loads函数只能将json转换为字典,需要我们自己转换为对象。
dict/对象转换为json文件
import
person = {"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "tom@litets.com"}
with open('person.json', 'w') as f:
json.dump(person, f)
当前目录下会多一个person.json文件,内容是:
{"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "tom@litets.com"}
将json文件转换为dict/对象
import json
with open('person.json', 'r') as f:
print(json.load(f))
输出:
{'name': 'tom', 'age': 38, 'email': 'tom@litets.com'}
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。
本文标题: Python对象转换为json的方法步骤
本文地址: http://www.cppcns.com/jiaoben/python/257651.html