java try with_Java Try with Resources

资源是一个程序利用后必须关闭的对象。 例如，用于数据库连接的文件资源或JDBC资源或套接字连接资源。 在Java7之前，没有自动资源管理，我们应该在我们的工作完成后明确地关闭资源。 通常，它是在try-catch语句的finally块中完成的。 当我们忘记关闭资源时，这种方法会导致内存泄漏和性能问题。

before Java 7：

try{

//open resources like File, Database connection, Sockets etc

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// Exception handling like FileNotFoundException, IOException etc

}finally{

// close resources

}

Java 7 try with resources implementation:

try(// open resources here){

// use resources

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

// exception handling

}

// resources are closed as soon as try-catch block is executed.

接下来分别看看Java6和Java7的简单例子：

Java 6 ：

public class Java6ResourceManager {

public static void main (String[] args) {

BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;

try {

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("C:\\Users\\10944\\Desktop\\python.txt"));

System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine());

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

if (bufferedReader != null) {

bufferedReader.close();

}

} catch (IOException ex) {

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

Java 7：

public class Java7ResourceManager {

public static void main (String[] args) {

try (BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("C:\\Users\\10944\\Desktop\\python.txt"))) {

System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine());

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

Java try with resources 的好处：

代码的可读性更好，更易于编写代码自动化的资源管理代码的行数被减少不需要使用finally块来关闭资源我们可以通过在try-with-resources中使用分号来间隔多个资源，例子如下：

try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(

"C:\\python.txt"));

java.io.BufferedWriter writer = java.nio.file.Files.newBufferedWriter(FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("C:\\journaldev.txt"), Charset.defaultCharset())) {

System.out.println(br.readLine());

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

7.当我们在try-with-resources中使用多个资源的时候，try-with-resources会在关闭时通过逆序的方式关闭，从而避免出现资源依赖的问题。

Java 7 介绍了一个新的接口：java.lang.AutoCloseable。任何资源在用于 try-with-resources 时，都需要实现这个接口，否则Java编译器会抛出编译问题。

以下是个简单的例子：

public class Java7ResourceManagement {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (MyResource mr = new MyResource()) {

System.out.println("MyResource created in try-with-resources");

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("Out of try-catch block.");

}

static class MyResource implements AutoCloseable{

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("Closing MyResource");

}

}

}

上面的程序运行结果是：

MyResource created in try-with-resources

Closing MyResource

Out of try-catch block.

从上面的输出可以清晰的看出，只要try-catch模块完成，资源关闭的方法就会被调用。

Try with Resources Exceptions：

在异常的情况下，try-catch-finally 和 try-with-resources 是有不同的地方的。

如果一个异常在 try 块和 finally 块中被抛出，最终方法返回的将是在finally快块中抛出的异常。

而对 try-with-resources 而言，如果一个异常在 try 块和 try-with-resources 中被抛出，那么方法返回的将是在 try 中抛出的异常。

以下讲一个简单的例子：

public class Java7ResourceManagerDiff {

public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception {

try {

tryWithResourceException();

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

try {

normalTryException();

}catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println(e.getMessage());

}

}

private static void normalTryException () throws Exception {

MyResource myResource = null;

try {

myResource = new MyResource();

System.out.println("MyResource created in block!");

if (true) {

throw new Exception("Exception in try block");

}

} finally {

if (myResource != null) {

myResource.close();

}

}

}

private static void tryWithResourceException () throws Exception{

try (MyResource myResource = new MyResource()) {

System.out.println("MyResource created in try-with block!");

if (true) {

throw new Exception("Exception in try block");

}

}

}

static class MyResource implements AutoCloseable {

@Override

public void close() throws Exception {

System.out.println("Closing MyResource!");

throw new Exception("Exception in Closing");

}

}

}

上面的输出是：

MyResource created in try-with block!

Closing MyResource!

Exception in try block

MyResource created in block!

Closing MyResource!

Exception in Closing

原文：  https://www.journaldev.com/592/java-try-with-resources