python运算符重载编程__ne__怎么用_Python 运算符重载

# Python 运算符重载

> 原文： [https://thepythonguru.com/python-operator-overloading/](https://thepythonguru.com/python-operator-overloading/)

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于 2020 年 1 月 7 日更新

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您已经看到可以使用`+`运算符添加数字，并同时连接字符串。 这是可能的，因为`int`类和`str`类都重载了`+`运算符。 运算符实际上是在各个类中定义的方法。 运算符的定义方法称为运算符重载。 例如：要对自定义对象使用`+`运算符，您需要定义一个名为`__add__`的方法。

让我们举个例子来更好地理解

```py

import math

class Circle:

def __init__(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def setRadius(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def getRadius(self):

return self.__radius

def area(self):

return math.pi * self.__radius ** 2

def __add__(self, another_circle):

return Circle( self.__radius + another_circle.__radius )

c1 = Circle(4)

print(c1.getRadius())

c2 = Circle(5)

print(c2.getRadius())

c3 = c1 + c2 # This became possible because we have overloaded + operator by adding a    method named __add__

print(c3.getRadius())

```

**预期输出**：

```py

4

5

9

```

```py

import math

class Circle:

def __init__(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def setRadius(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def getRadius(self):

return self.__radius

def area(self):

return math.pi * self.__radius ** 2

def __add__(self, another_circle):

return Circle( self.__radius + another_circle.__radius )

c1 = Circle(4)

print(c1.getRadius())

c2 = Circle(5)

print(c2.getRadius())

c3 = c1 + c2 # This became possible because we have overloaded + operator by adding a method named __add__

print(c3.getRadius())

```

在上面的示例中，我们添加了`__add__()`方法，该方法允许使用`+`运算符添加两个圆形对象。 在`__add__()`方法内部，我们正在创建一个新对象并将其返回给调用者。

Python 还有许多其他特殊方法，例如`__add__()`，请参见下面的列表。

| 运算符 | 函数 | 方法说明 |

| --- | --- | --- |

| `+` | `__add__(self, other)` | 加法 |

| `*` | `__mul__(self, other)` | 乘法 |

| `-` | `__sub__(self, other)` | 减法 |

| `%` | `__mod__(self, other)` | 余数 |

| `/` | `__truediv__(self, other)` | 除法 |

| `

| `<=` | `__le__(self, other)` | 小于或等于 |

| `==` | `__eq__(self, other)` | 等于 |

| `!=` | `__ne__(self, other)` | 不等于 |

| `>` | `__gt__(self, other)` | 大于 |

`>=`，`__ge__(self, other)`，大于或等于`[index]`，`__getitem__(self, index)`，索引运算符`in`，`__contains__(self, value)`，检查成员资格`len`，`__len__(self)`，元素数`str`，`__str__(self)`的字符串表示形式

下面的程序使用上面提到的一些函数来重载运算符。

```py

import math

class Circle:

def __init__(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def setRadius(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def getRadius(self):

return self.__radius

def area(self):

return math.pi * self.__radius ** 2

def __add__(self, another_circle):

return Circle( self.__radius + another_circle.__radius )

def __gt__(self, another_circle):

return self.__radius > another_circle.__radius

def __lt__(self, another_circle):

return self.__radius < another_circle.__radius

def __str__(self):

return "Circle with radius " + str(self.__radius)

c1 = Circle(4)

print(c1.getRadius())

c2 = Circle(5)

print(c2.getRadius())

c3 = c1 + c2

print(c3.getRadius())

print( c3 > c2) # Became possible because we have added __gt__ method

print( c1 < c2) # Became possible because we have added __lt__ method

print(c3) # Became possible because we have added __str__ method

```

**预期输出**：

```py

4

5

9

True

True

Circle with radius 9

```

```py

import math

class Circle:

def __init__(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def setRadius(self, radius):

self.__radius = radius

def getRadius(self):

return self.__radius

def area(self):

return math.pi * self.__radius ** 2

def __add__(self, another_circle):

return Circle( self.__radius + another_circle.__radius )

def __gt__(self, another_circle):

return self.__radius > another_circle.__radius

def __lt__(self, another_circle):

return self.__radius < another_circle.__radius

def __str__(self):

return "Circle with radius " + str(self.__radius)

c1 = Circle(4)

print(c1.getRadius())

c2 = Circle(5)

print(c2.getRadius())

c3 = c1 + c2

print(c3.getRadius())

print( c3 > c2) # Became possible because we have added __gt__ method

print( c1 < c2) # Became possible because we have added __lt__ method

print(c3) # Became possible because we have added __str__ method

```

下一课是[继承和多态](/python-inheritance-and-polymorphism/)。

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