python大数运算_Python编程：以String方式进行大数计算

众所周知，计算机中int用32位表示，可表示范围0 - 2^32，约42亿， long用64位表示，可表示范围为0-2^64 约184亿亿。如果运算是超出这个范围，就会溢出，即无法获取正确的计算结果。这时候就需要一种特殊的计算程序。本文通过Python语言，实现了一个简单的大数计算程序：通过输入两个任意长度的由数字组成的字符串，进行+ - * /计算，计算结果也是一个字符串。

1.代码 实现原理很简单，就是把我们平时笔算的过程写成了程序。由于输入是字符串，计算过程完全是笔算的逻辑，所以可支持任意长度的数据进行运算。

2.代码

代码如下：

bigdata_calc.py

#! /usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import sys

def get_10(c):

return ord(c)-ord('0')

def add_one_bit(n1,n2,n3=0):

a = get_10(n1)

b = get_10(n2)

sum = a+b+n3

yu = sum%10

shang = (sum-yu)/10

return str(yu),shang

def add(n1,n2):

l1=len(n1)

l2=len(n2)

s1 = n1

s2 = n2

if l1>l2:

s1 = n2

s2 = n1

l1 = len(s1)

l2 = len(s2)

sum = []

shang = 0

for i in range(l1):

c,shang = add_one_bit(s1[l1-1-i],s2[l2-1-i],shang)

sum.append(c)

for i in range(l1,l2):

c,shang = add_one_bit('0',s2[l2-1-i],shang)

sum.append(c)

if shang > 0:

sum.append(str(shang))

for i in range(len(sum)/2):

tmp = sum[i]

sum[i]=sum[len(sum)-1-i]

sum[len(sum)-1-i] = tmp

return sum

def mul(n1,n2):

l = len(n1)

sum=[]

for i in range(l):

v = get_10(n1[i])

if v>0:

sum_tmp = n2

for j in range(l-1-i):

sum_tmp += "0"

add_v = sum_tmp

for j in range(1,v):

sum_tmp = add(sum_tmp,add_v)

if i==0:

sum = sum_tmp

else:

sum = add(sum,sum_tmp)

return sum

def sub_one_bit(n1,n2,n3):

a = get_10(n1)

b = get_10(n2)

sub = a-b-n3

jie=0

while sub<0:

jie += 1

sub += 10

return str(sub),jie

def large(n1,n2):

if len(n1)>len(n2):

return True

elif len(n1)

return False

else:

for i in range(len(n1)):

if ord(n1[i])>=ord(n2[i]):

return True

return False

def sub(n1,n2):

s1 = n1

s2 = n2

flag=False

if not large(n1,n2):

s1 = n2

s2 = n1

flag = True

l1 = len(s1)

l2 = len(s2)

sub = []

jie = 0

for i in range(l2):

c,jie = sub_one_bit(s1[l1-1-i],s2[l2-1-i],jie)

sub.append(c)

has_jie = 0

if jie>0:

c,jie = sub_one_bit(n1[l2-1-l1],str(jie),0)

sub.append(c)

has_jie=1

while has_jie

sub.append(s1[l1-l2-1-has_jie])

has_jie += 1

if flag:

sub.append('-')

for i in range(len(sub)/2):

tmp = sub[i]

sub[i]=sub[len(sub)-1-i]

sub[len(sub)-1-i] = tmp

return sub

def div(n1,n2):

return "Todo..."

def calc(n1,op,n2):

if op == '+':

return add(n1,n2)

elif op == '-':

return sub(n1,n2)

elif op == '*':

return mul(n1,n2)

elif op == '/':

return div(n1,n2)

else:

return "unsupported operation"

if __name__ == '__main__':

if len(sys.argv)<4:

print "Usage: bigdata_calc.py num1 {+,-,*,/} num2"

else:

res = calc(sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2],sys.argv[3])

print "%50s\n%s\n%50s\n=\n%50s" %(sys.argv[1],sys.argv[2],sys.argv[3],"".join(res))

说明：仅为个人娱乐性编写， 程序目前仅支持正数据的加 、减 、乘运算，除法还未实现。

虽然个人进行了测试，但难免还有bug，请指正。

3.测试

测试一：

123

*

456

=

56088

测试二：

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

*

123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789123456789

=

15241578780673678546105778311537878076969977842402077607834177373266277138698376

90413047663907941887364731910821521934278311957735101981191892004648682028105472

0515622620750190521

结果如下：