python实现50行代码_50行代码实现python计算器主要功能

实现功能：计算带有括号和四则运算的式子 3*( 4+ 50 )-(( 100 + 40 )*5/2- 3*2* 2/4+9)*((( 3 + 4)-4)-4)

基本思路：使用正则表达式提取出每一层小括号式子，计算出结果后替换该括号，直至最后一层。

0、计算前的准备，进行式子的整理，如果非法则退出。这里我只对空格和符号进行了处理，真实场景中应该做更多的判断：

def check(s):

s = s.replace(" ", '')

s = re.sub(r'(\+-)|(-\+)', '-', s)

s = re.sub(r'(\+\+)|(--)', '+', s)

return s

1、只有加减运算的式子：findall匹配后直接使用sum函数对list求和，此时的减号看作负号，加号看作了正号，所以代码极其简洁：

import re

def plus_all(s): #实现加减运算

patter_plus = r'[+-]?\d+\.?\d*'

ret = re.findall(patter_plus, s)

return sum([float(x) for x in ret])

2、只有乘除运算的式子：和以上思路一致，主要想把除法（/）转换为乘法后用reduce计算。其先匹配出带有乘除运算符的list，然后通过change_mul_div()函数将除法转换成倒数计算

from functools import reduce

def mul_all(s):

patter_mul = r'[*/]?[-]?\d+\.?\d*'

ret = re.findall(patter_mul, s)

return reduce(lambda m, n: m*n, [change_mul_div(x) for x in ret])

def change_mul_div(s):

if "/" in s:

return 1 / float(s.replace('/', ""))

else:

return float(s.replace("*", ''))

3、含有加减乘除但不含有括号的式子：先用mul_all(s)函数将式子中的所有乘除法计算完毕，然后回到第1步。cal_all_mul_div函数实现计算式子中所有乘除法：

def cal_all_mul_div(s):

patter_all_mul_div = r'([+-]?\d+\.?\d*[*/])+[+-]?\d+\.?\d*'

ret = re.search(patter_all_mul_div, s)

while ret:

mul_div = mul_all(ret.group())

s = s.replace(ret.group(), ''.join(['+', str(mul_div)]))

ret = re.search(patter_all_mul_div, s)

return s

4、不断提取括号进行计算：

def bracket(s):

patter_kuohao = r'\([^()]+\)'

ret = re.search(patter_kuohao, s)

while ret:

cal_result = plus_all(cal_all_mul_div(ret.group()))

s=s.replace(ret.group(), ''.join(['+', str(cal_result)]))

ret = re.search(patter_kuohao, s)

return s

所有代码合并如下：

import re

from functools import reduce

s3 = "3*( 4+ 50 )-(( 100 + 40 )*5/2- 3*2* 2/4+9)*((( 3 + 4)-4)-4)"

def check(s):

s = s.replace(" ", '') #对空格进行处理

s = re.sub(r'(\+-)|(-\+)', '-', s) #对符号进行处理

s = re.sub(r'(\+\+)|(--)', '+', s)

return s

def plus_all(s):

patter_plus = r'[+-]?\d+\.?\d*'

ret = re.findall(patter_plus, s) #找出所有的加数

return sum([float(x) for x in ret]) #生成器生成列表并求和

def mul_all(s):

patter_mul = r'[*/]?[-+]?\d+\.?\d*'

ret = re.findall(patter_mul, s)

return reduce(lambda m, n: m * n, [change_mul_div(x) for x in ret]) #reduce连乘

def change_mul_div(s): #把除法改成乘以其倒数

if "/" in s:

return 1 / float(s.replace('/', ""))

else:

return float(s.replace("*", ''))

def cal_all_mul_div(s):

patter_all_mul_div = r'([+-]?\d+\.?\d*[*/])+[+-]?\d+\.?\d*'

ret = re.search(patter_all_mul_div, s)

while ret:

mul_div = mul_all(ret.group())

s = s.replace(ret.group(), ''.join(['+', str(mul_div)]))

ret = re.search(patter_all_mul_div, s)

return s

def bracket(s):

patter_kuohao = r'\([^()]+\)'

s = check(s)

ret = re.search(patter_kuohao, s)

while ret:

cal_result = plus_all(cal_all_mul_div(ret.group()))

s = check(s.replace(ret.group(), ''.join(['+', str(cal_result)]))) #替换时需要在前面加入正号，并对s进行check操作

ret = re.search(patter_kuohao, s)

return s

s3 = ''.join(["(", s3, ")"])

print(float(bracket(s3)))

以上即用不超过50行代码实现了计算器的主要功能。