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oracle菜鸟学习之 select case when的使用
格式语法
case
when 条件1 then action1
when 条件2 then action2
when 条件3 then action3
when 条件N then actionN
else action
end
例子
判断现在是几月
SQL> select case substr('20181118',5,2)
2 when '08' then '8yue'
3 when '09' then '9yue'
4 when '10' then '10yue'
5 when '11' then '11yue'
6 when '12' then '12yue'
7 else 'other'
8 end
9 from dual;
CASESUBSTR('201
---------------
11yue
SQL>
扩展知识:substr 截取
sbustr('str',x,y)
str:字符串
x:从x位开始
y:x位的后y位结束
SQL> select substr('123456',3,2) from dual;
SUBSTR
------
34
SQL>
实验
实验表如下:
sno:学号
km:科目
score:成绩
grade:等级
create table score(sno number,km varchar2(8),score int,grade varchar2(4) default null);
insert into score(sno,km,score) values(1,'yw',65);
insert into score(sno,km,score) values(2,'sx',76);
insert into score(sno,km,score) values(3,'yw',86);
insert into score(sno,km,score) values(4,'yw',94);
查看表
SQL> select * from score;
SNO KM SCORE GRADE
---------- ------------------------ ---------- ------------
1 yw 65
2 sx 76
3 yw 86
4 yw 94
问题:给学生成绩分等级,优秀、良好、中等、合格
思路:先查询学号对应的成绩
SQL> select sno,case
2 when score >=90 then 'A'
3 when score >=80 then 'B'
4 when score >=70 then 'C'
5 when score >=60 then 'D'
6 else 'F'
7 end
8 from score;
SNO CAS
---------- ---
1 D
2 C
3 B
4 A
思路:怎么将等级插入表格?
update score set grade = ?
思路:选出等级的值
select grade from
(select sno,case
when score >=90 then 'A'
when score >=80 then 'B'
when score >=70 then 'C'
when score >=60 then 'D'
else 'F'
end as grade
9 from score);
GRADE
----------
D
C
B
A
思路:grade不能等于一个集合,只能等于某个值,怎么选出某个值?
从图中可以看出,如果我把第一个表取别名为a,但a.sno和score.sno相等的时候,grade的值唯一
update score set grade =
(select grade from
(select sno,case
when score >=90 then 'A'
when score >=80 then 'B'
when score >=70 then 'C'
when score >=60 then 'D'
else 'F'
end as grade
from score) a
where a.sno=score.sno
);
4 rows updated.
查看更新之后的表
SQL> select * from score;
SNO KM SCORE GRADE
---------- ------------------------ ---------- ----------
1 yw 65 D
2 sx 76 C
3 yw 86 B
4 yw 94 A